국내 하천에 서식하는 외래종 틸라피아 (tilapia)의 잠재적 서식처 확산
Dispersal of potential habitat of non-native species tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) inhabiting rivers in Korea
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본 연구는 온배수가 유입되는 대구시 달서천을 대상으로 틸라피아 산란장의 물리적 서식 환경을 파악하고, 나일틸라피아와 블루틸라피아의 국내·외 분포 및 수온에 따른 잠재적 서식 가능지역을 예측하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 나일틸라피아와 블루틸라피아의 국외 서식 현황을 분석한 결과 원개체군이 서식하는 국가를 중심으로 많은 국가와 섬 지역에 도입되어 서식하고 있는 것으로 확인되었고, 상대적으로 추운 지역인 캐나다, 영국, 러시아 등에서도 서식하는 것으로 나타났다. 국내에서는 곡교천, 달서천, 금호강과 낙동강 일대에 서식하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 온배수 유입으로 인해 겨울철에도 높은 수온을 유지하고 있는 하천으로 확인되었다. 현재 국내에서 틸라피아 개체군이 서식 가능한 지역은 영산강 하류와 낙동강 하류에 국한되어 있으나, 2050년에는 기온상승으로 인해 잠재적 서식 가능지역이 금강, 만경강, 동진강, 섬진강, 태화강, 형산강과 동해로 유입되는 하천과 탐진호, 나주호, 주암호, 상사호, 진양호, 주남저수지, 회동저수지 등 정수역까지 확대될 것으로 예측되었다. 또한 서식 가능지역이 확대되고 틸라피아가 산란할 수 있는 서식처가 증가함에 따라 틸라피아 개체군으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 서식처 교란의 강도가 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서, 잠재적 위해종이며, 기온상승으로 인해 향후 국내 여러 하천에서 서식 가능성을 가지고 있는 틸라피아 개체군 관리를 위해 틸라피아 개체군이 서식하고 있는 하천을 대상으로 중·장기적인 모니터링을 통한 위해성 평가가 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 개체군 확산 방지를 위한 법적·제도적인 규제가 필요하며, 물리적인 포획, 온배수 수온 감소를 통한 제거 등 다양한 관리방안을 마련하고, 틸라피아 개체군으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 서식처 교란을 최소화하는 것이 필요하다.
Abstract
Recently, in relation to climate change, many studies have been conducted to predict the potential habitat area and distribution range of tilapia and the suitability of habitat for each species. Most tilapia are tropical fish that cannot survive at water temperatures below 10 to 12°C, although some tilapia can survive at 6 to 8°C. This study predicted habitable areas and the possibility of spreading of habitat ranges of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis aureus) known to inhabit domestic streams. Due to climate change, it was found that habitats in the Geum River, Mangyeong River, Dongjin River, Seomjin River, Taehwa River, Hyeongsan River, and the flowing in East Sea were possible by 2050. In addition, it was confirmed that tilapia could inhabit the preferred lentic ecosystem such as Tamjin Lake, Naju Lake, Juam Lake, Sangsa Lake, Jinyang Lake, Junam Reservoir, and Hoedong Reservoir. In particular, in the case of tilapia, which lives in tributaries of the Geumho River, Dalseo Stream, and the Nakdong River, its range of habitat is expected to expand to the middle and lower of the Nakdong River system. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to prepare physical and institutional management measures to prevent the spread of the local population where tilapia currently inhabits and to prevent introduction to new habitats.
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