Searching for the Cause of the Gender Gap in Employment Losses during the COVID-19 Crisis
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The recession caused by the COVID-19 crisis has features that could disproportionately harm female employment. Risk of infection and social distancing measures may have disrupted jobs in face-to-face industries, which have traditionally hired more women than men. School closures and a consequent increase in childcare and homeschooling demands may have discouraged labor market participation by working mothers. Using the Economically Active Population Survey, I examine how female employment was affected by each factor. I find that the gender gap in the Employment to Non-participation (E to N) transition rates is twice as large as the gap in the Employment to Unemployment (E to U) transition rates. Women’s overrepresentation in the face-to-face industries accounts for most of the gap in the E to U transition but only a third of the gap in the E to N transition. The rise in non-participation is especially pronounced among married women aged 39-44, the group most likely to have elementary-school-age children.
Abstract
The recession caused by the COVID-19 crisis has features that could disproportionately harm female employment. Risk of infection and social distancing measures may have disrupted jobs in face-to-face industries, which have traditionally hired more women than men. School closures and a consequent increase in childcare and homeschooling demands may have discouraged labor market participation by working mothers. Using the Economically Active Population Survey, I examine how female employment was affected by each factor. I find that the gender gap in the Employment to Non-participation (E to N) transition rates is twice as large as the gap in the Employment to Unemployment (E to U) transition rates. Women’s overrepresentation in the face-to-face industries accounts for most of the gap in the E to U transition but only a third of the gap in the E to N transition. The rise in non-participation is especially pronounced among married women aged 39-44, the group most likely to have elementary-school-age children.
참고문헌 (13)
- Adams-Prassl, Abi, "Inequality in the impact of the coronavirus shock: Evidence from real time surveys", Journal of Public Economics, 189 (2020)
- Changing business cycles: The role of women’s employment, "Albanesi, Stefania", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~ (2019)
- The gendered impact of the covid-19 recession on the US labor market, "Albanesi, Stefania", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~ (2021)
- Albanesi, Stefania, "The gender unemployment gap", Review of Economic Dynamics, 30, pp.47~67 (2018)
- The impact of covid-19 on gender equality, "Alon, Titan", National Bureau of economic research, ~ (2020)
- The US labor market during the beginning of the pandemic recession, "Cajner, Tomaz", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~ (2020)
- Collins, Caitlyn, "Covid-19 and the gender gap in work hours", Gender, Work & Organization, 28, pp.101~112 (2021)
- The heterogeneous labor market impacts of the covid-19 pandemic, "Cortes, Guido Matias", Upjohn, ~ (2020)
- Ellieroth, Kathrin, "Spousal insurance, precautionary labor supply, and the business cycle", pp.2019
- Guryan, Jonathan, "Parental education and parental time with children", Journal of Economic perspectives, 22(3), pp.23~46 (2008)
- Work from home before and after the covid-19 outbreak, "Mertens, Karel", ~ (2021)
- Which workers bear the burden of social distancing policies?, "Mongey, Simon", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~ (2020)
- Wu, Chunzan, "Consumption insurance against wage risk: Family labor supply and optimal progressive income taxation", American Economic Journal:Macroeconomics, 13(1), pp.79~113 (2021)