본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Effect of xylitol on dental caries prevention : a literature review

조민정|송근배|최연희|Ji-Hye Kim|이영은
한국치위생학회 (Korean Society of Dental Hygiene)|2019.08|한국치위생학회지 (Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene)|제19권 제4호|pp. 449-465|DOI 10.13065/jksdh.20190041

2

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

GuidelinesDental cariesClinical trialXylitolClinical outcomes
주제분류치의학

초록

Xylitol is a sweetening agent used to prevent dental caries. It is formulated and consumed in various forms, and its use is recommended in particular for oral health. However, dental specialists are not familiar with xylitol or well-acquainted with the appropriate method to use it. Furthermore, the caries-prevention effect of xylitol has been controversial. Thus, in this study, we aimed to analyze previously published studies on the dental caries prevention effect of xylitol to verify its true effects and establish an appropriate method to use it. We analyzed 94 clinical research manuscripts obtained from domestic and international online databases and found that although 11 manuscripts reported no significant dental caries prevention effect of xylitol, most manuscripts reported dental caries prevention with xylitol. Compared to the manuscripts that reported dental caries prevention with xylitol, those are assessed lower amounts of xylitol or shorted consumption periods, and had dosage form that could not retain xylitol sufficiently long in the mouth, similar to milk. Thus, consumption of 5–11 g of xylitol in the form of gums, candies, or tablets over a long time period could effectively reduce the risk of dental caries. It has the advantage of ease of consumption, regardless of the gender, age, or disability of the person.

Abstract

Xylitol is a sweetening agent used to prevent dental caries. It is formulated and consumed in various forms, and its use is recommended in particular for oral health. However, dental specialists are not familiar with xylitol or well-acquainted with the appropriate method to use it. Furthermore, the caries-prevention effect of xylitol has been controversial. Thus, in this study, we aimed to analyze previously published studies on the dental caries prevention effect of xylitol to verify its true effects and establish an appropriate method to use it. We analyzed 94 clinical research manuscripts obtained from domestic and international online databases and found that although 11 manuscripts reported no significant dental caries prevention effect of xylitol, most manuscripts reported dental caries prevention with xylitol. Compared to the manuscripts that reported dental caries prevention with xylitol, those are assessed lower amounts of xylitol or shorted consumption periods, and had dosage form that could not retain xylitol sufficiently long in the mouth, similar to milk. Thus, consumption of 5–11 g of xylitol in the form of gums, candies, or tablets over a long time period could effectively reduce the risk of dental caries. It has the advantage of ease of consumption, regardless of the gender, age, or disability of the person.

참고문헌 (111)

  1. Washuttl J, "Qualitative and quantitative study of sugar-alcohols in several foods", J Food Sci, 38(7), pp.1262~1263 (1973)
  2. Hansom J, "Xylitol and caries prevention", J Mass Dent Soc, 60(2), pp.18~21 (2011)
  3. Mühlemann HR, "The effect on rat fissure caries of xylitol and sorbitol", Helv Odontol Acta, 14(1), pp.48~50 (1970)
  4. Scheinin A, "Turku sugar studies XVIII. Incidence of dental caries in relation to 1-year consumption of xylitol chewing gum", Acta Odontol Scand, 33(5), pp.269~278 (1975)
  5. Scheinin A, "Turku sugar studies V final report on the effect of sucrose, fructose and xylitol diets on the caries incidence in man", Acta Odontol Scand, 34(4), pp.179~216 (1976)
  6. Megha Gupta, "Sugar Substitutes: Mechanism, Availability, Current Use and Safety Concerns-An Update", Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(10), pp.1888~1894 (2018), ID Design 2012[DOI]
  7. 정재연, "구강보건전문가의 자일리톨 구강병예방효과에 대한 인지도 조사연구", 대한구강보건학회지, 32(3), pp.287~298 (2008), 대한예방치과·구강보건학회
  8. 이재춘, "자일리톨 함유 식품이 합성 수산화인회석에 대한 Streptococcus mutans의 부착에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구", 대한소아치과학회지, 29(1), pp.13~ (2002), 대한소아치과학회
  9. James D. Bader, "Results from the Xylitol for Adult Caries Trial (X-ACT)", The Journal of the American Dental Association, 144(1), pp.21~30 (2013), Elsevier BV[DOI]
  10. Shikhar Kumar, "Comparative evaluation of the effects of xylitol and sugar-free chewing gums on salivary and dental plaque pH in children", Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 31(4), pp.240~244 (2013), Medknow[DOI]
  11. Moon HS, "Effect of xylitol in chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli", J Korean Acad Dent Health, 19(2), pp.245~246 (1995)
  12. Twetman S, "Effect of xylitol-containing chewing gums on lactic acid production in dental plaque from caries active pre-school children", Oral Health Prev Dent, 1(3), pp.195~199 (2003)
  13. Massoth D, "The effect of xylitol on streptococcus mutans in children", J Calif Dent Assoc, 34(3), pp.231~234 (2006)
  14. Autio JT, "Effect of xylitol chewing gum on salivary streptococcus mutans in preschool children", J Dent Child, 69(1), pp.81~86 (2002)
  15. Pernilla Lif Holgerson, "Effect of xylitol-containing chewing gums on interdental plaque-pH in habitual xylitol consumers", Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 63(4), pp.233~238 (2009), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
  16. PERNILLA LIF HOLGERSON, "Dental plaque formation and salivary mutans streptococci in schoolchildren after use of xylitol-containing chewing gum", International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 17(2), pp.79~85 (2007), Wiley[DOI]
  17. Thabuis C, "Effects of maltitol and xylitol chewing-gums on parameters involved in dental caries development", Eur J Paediatr Dent, 14(4), pp.303~308 (2013)
  18. Eva Söderling, "Effects of short-term xylitol gum chewing on the oral microbiome", Clinical Oral Investigations, 19(2), pp.237~244 (2015), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
  19. SnehaGirdhari Tulsani, "The effect of Propolis and Xylitol chewing gums on salivary Streptococcus mutans count: A clinical trial", Indian Journal of Dental Research, 25(6), pp.737~ (2014), Medknow[DOI]
  20. VUOKKO ANTTONEN, "A practice-based study on the effect of a short sucrose", xylitol exposure on survival of primary teeth caries free, 2012, pp.22(5), 356~362[DOI]
  21. Thaweboon S, "The effect of xylitol chewing gum on mutans streptococci in saliva and dental plaque", Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 35(4), pp.1024~1027 (2004)
  22. Mitsuko Seki, "Effect of xylitol gum on the level of oral mutans streptococci of preschoolers: block-randomised trial", International Dental Journal, 61(5), pp.274~280 (2011), Wiley[DOI]
  23. 한성근, "자일리톨 껌 저작에 의한 유치 우식증 예방효과 비교분석", 대한소아치과학회지, 31(2), pp.159~168 (2004), 대한소아치과학회
  24. -xylitol after a four-week xylitol chewing gum regimen, "Oral Health Prev Dent", 2007, 313~319
  25. Kauko K. Mäkinen, "Six-month polyol chewing-gum programme in kindergarten-age children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and dental plaque", International Dental Journal, 55(2), pp.81~88 (2005), Wiley[DOI]
  26. Kovari H, "Use of xylitol chewing gum in daycare centers : a follow up study in Savonlinna, Finland", Acta Odontol Scand, 61(6), pp.367~370 (2003)
  27. Pentti Alanen, "Xylitol candies in caries prevention: results of a field study in Estonian children", Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 28(3), pp.218~224 (2000), Wiley[DOI]
  28. Kauko K. Mäkinen, "Thirty-nine-month xylitol chewing-gum programme in initially 8-year-old school children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli", International Dental Journal, 58(1), pp.41~50 (2008), Wiley[DOI]
  29. K.K. Makinen, "Xylitol Chewing Gums and Caries Rates: A 40-month Cohort Study", Journal of Dental Research, 74(12), pp.1904~1913 (2016), SAGE Publications[DOI]
  30. Pauli Isokangas, "Xylitol chewing gum in caries prevention: a field study in children", The Journal of the American Dental Association, 117(2), pp.315~320 (1988), Elsevier BV[DOI]
  31. K.K. Mäkinen, "Properties of Whole Saliva and Dental Plaque in Relation to 40-Month Consumption of Chewing Gums Containing Xylitol, Sorbitol or Sucrose", Caries Research, 30(3), pp.180~188 (1996), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  32. K.K. Mäkinen, "Polyol Chewing Gums and Caries Rates in Primary Dentition: A 24-Month Cohort Study", Caries Research, 30(6), pp.408~417 (1996), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  33. G. Campus, "Six Months of Daily High-Dose Xylitol in High-Risk Schoolchildren: A Randomized Clinical Trial on Plaque pH and Salivary Mutans Streptococci", Caries Research, 43(6), pp.455~461 (2009), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  34. K.K. Mäkinen, "A Descriptive Report of the Effects of a 16-Month Xylitol Chewing-Gum Programme Subsequent to a 40-Month Sucrose Gum Programme", Caries Research, 32(2), pp.107~112 (1998), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  35. Mäkinen KK, "Stabilization of rampant caries: polyol gums and arrest of dentine caries in two long-term cohort studies in young subjects", Int Dent J, 45(1 suppl 1), pp.93~107 (1995)
  36. Alanen P, "Sealants and xylitol chewing gum are equal in caries prevention", Acta Odontol Scand, 58(6), pp.279~284 (2000)
  37. P.P. Hujoel, "The Optimum Time to Initiate Habitual Xylitol Gum-chewing for Obtaining Long-term Caries Prevention", Journal of Dental Research, 78(3), pp.797~803 (2016), SAGE Publications[DOI]
  38. Machiulskiene V, "Caries preventive effect of sugar-substituted chewing gum", Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 29(4), pp.278~288 (2001)
  39. Machiulskiene V, "Determinants of dropout in a community intervention trial on the caries-preventive effect of chewing gums", J Public Health Dent, 62(1), pp.21~27 (2002)
  40. Mäkinen KK, "Physical, chemical, and histologic changes in dentin caries lesions of primary teeth induced by regular use of polyol chewing gums", Acta Odontol Scand, 56(3), pp.148~156 (1998)
  41. D. Kandelman, "A 24-month Clinical Study of the Incidence and Progression of Dental Caries in Relation to Consumption of Chewing Gum Containing Xylitol in School Preventive Programs", Journal of Dental Research, 69(11), pp.1771~1775 (2016), SAGE Publications[DOI]
  42. Park KK, "Effect of chewing gums on plaque pH after a sucrose challenge", ASDC J Dent Child, 62(3), pp.180~186 (1995)
  43. Georg Tellefsen, "Use of Chlorhexidine Chewing Gum Significantly Reduces Dental Plaque Formation Compared to Use of Similar Xylitol and Sorbitol Products", Journal of Periodontology, 67(3), pp.181~183 (1996), Wiley[DOI]
  44. Cronin M, "Three clinical trials comparing xylitol-and sorbitol-containing chewing gums for their effect on supragingival plaque accumulation", J Clin Dent, 5(4), pp.106~109 (1994)
  45. D. Birkhed, "Effect of 4 Days Consumption of Chewing Gum Containing Sorbitol or a Mixture of Sorbitol and Xylitol on Dental Plaque and Saliva", Caries Research, 17(1), pp.76~88 (1983), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  46. E. Söderling, "Effect of Sorbitol, Xylitol, and Xylitol", Sorbitol Chewing Gums on Dental Plaque, 1989, pp.23(5), 378~384[DOI]
  47. Merikallio T, "Xylitol as a plaque-control agent in military conditions", Mil Med, 160(5), pp.256~258 (1995)
  48. Eva Söderling, "Effects of xylitol, xylitolsorbitol, and placebo chewing gums on the plaque of habitual xylitol consumers", European Journal of Oral Sciences, 105(2), pp.170~177 (1997), Wiley[DOI]
  49. Bahador A, "Effect of xylitol on cariogenic and beneficial oral streptococci : a randomized, double-blind crossover trial", Iran J Microbiol, 4(2), pp.75~81 (2012)
  50. O. Aguirre-Zero, "Effect of Chewing Xylitol Chewing Gum on Salivary Flow Rate and the Acidogenic Potential of Dental Plaque", Caries Research, 27(1), pp.55~59 (1993), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  51. K. Wennerholm, "Effect of Xylitol and Sorbitol in Chewing-Gums on Mutans Streptococci, Plaque pH and Mineral Loss of Enamel", Caries Research, 28(1), pp.48~54 (1994), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  52. Biria M, "Effects of three mastic gums on the number of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and pH of the saliva", J Dent, 11(6), pp.672~679 (2014)
  53. Tuncer D, "Effect of chewing gums with xylitol, sorbitol and xylitol-sorbitol on the remineralization and hardness of initial enamel lesions in situ", Dent Res J(Isfahan), 11(5), pp.537~543 (2014)
  54. Haghgoo R, "Comparing the efficacy of xylitol-containing and conventional chewing gums in reducing salivary counts of streptococcus mutans: An in vivo study", J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 5(suppl 2), pp.S112~S117 (2015)
  55. Fraga CP, "Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels", Braz Oral Res, 24(2), pp.142~146 (2010)
  56. María C. Martínez-Pabón, "Comparison of the effect of two sugar-substituted chewing gums on different caries- and gingivitis-related variables: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial", Clinical Oral Investigations, 18(2), pp.589~598 (2014), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
  57. Söderling E, "The effect of xylitol on the composition of the oral flora : a pilot study", Eur J Dent, 5(1), pp.24~31 (2011)
  58. "BMC Oral Health", 2006, ~, pp.Springer Science and Business Media LLC, https:
  59. S. Haresaku, "Long-Term Effect of Xylitol Gum Use on Mutans Streptococci in Adults", Caries Research, 41(3), pp.198~203 (2007), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  60. P. Milgrom, "Mutans Streptococci Dose Response to Xylitol Chewing Gum", Journal of Dental Research, 85(2), pp.177~181 (2016), SAGE Publications[DOI]
  61. K.K. Mäkinen, "Saliva Stimulants and the Oral Health of Geriatric Patients", Advances in Dental Research, 9(2), pp.125~126 (2016), SAGE Publications[DOI]
  62. Elnaz Ghasemi, "Effect of Probiotic Yogurt and Xylitol-Containing Chewing Gums on Salivary S Mutans Count", Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 41(4), pp.257~263 (2017), The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry[DOI]
  63. Cocco F, "The caries preventive effect of 1-year use of low-dose xylitol chewing gum. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in high-caries-risk adults", Clin Oral Investig, 21(9), pp.2733~2740 (2017)
  64. C. Shinga-Ishihara, "Xylitol Carryover Effects on Salivary Mutans Streptococci after 13 Months of Chewing Xylitol Gum", Caries Research, 46(6), pp.519~522 (2012), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  65. Young-Eun Lee, "Morphological Changes in Streptococcus mutans After Chewing Gum Containing Xylitol for Twelve Months", Current Microbiology, 58(4), pp.332~337 (2009), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
  66. Mäkinen KK, "Polyol-combinant saliva stimulants and oral health in Veterans Affairs patients-An exploratory study", Spec Care Dentist, 16(3), pp.104~115 (1996)
  67. P. Isokangas, "Occurrence of Dental Decay in Children after Maternal Consumption of Xylitol Chewing Gum, a Follow-up from 0 to 5 Years of Age", Journal of Dental Research, 79(11), pp.1885~1889 (2016), SAGE Publications[DOI]
  68. E. Söderling, "Influence of Maternal Xylitol Consumption on Mother–Child Transmission of Mutans Streptococci: 6–Year Follow–Up", Caries Research, 35(3), pp.173~177 (2001), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  69. Alamoudi NM, "Early prevention of childhood caries with maternal xylitol consumption", Saudi Med J, 35(6), pp.592~597 (2014)
  70. Alamoudi NM, "Impact of maternal xylitol consumption on mutans streptococci, plaque and caries levels in children", J Clin Pediatr Dent, 37(2), pp.163~166 (2012)
  71. Alamoudi NM, "Effects of xylitol on salivary mutans streptococcus, plaque level, and caries activity in a group of Saudi mother-child pairs. An 18-month clinical trial", Saudi Med J, 33(2), pp.186~192 (2012)
  72. Fontana M, "Xylitol : effects on the acquisition of cariogenic species in infants", Pediatr Dent, 31(3), pp.257~266 (2009)
  73. Thorild I, "Long-term effect of maternal xylitol exposure on their children’s caries prevalence", Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 13(6), pp.305~307 (2012)
  74. Thorild I, "Caries in 4-year-old children after maternal chewing of gums containing combinations of xylitol, sorbitol, chlorhexidine and fluoride", Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 7(4), pp.241~245 (2006)
  75. Thorild I, "Salivary mutans streptococci and dental caries in three-year-old children after maternal exposure to chewing gums containing combinations of xylitol, sorbitol, chlorhexidine and fluoride", Acta Odontol Scand, 62(5), pp.245~250 (2004)
  76. Thorild I, "Effect of maternal use of chewing gums containing xylitol, chlorhexidine or fluoride on mutans streptococci colonization in the mothers’ infant children", Oral Health Prev Dent, 1(1), pp.53~57 (2003)
  77. Hanno AG, "Effect of xylitol on dental caries and salivary streptococcus mutans levels among a group of mother-child pairs", J Clin Pediatr Dent, 36(1), pp.25~30 (2011)
  78. Marja L. Laitala, "Long-term effects of maternal prevention on children's dental decay and need for restorative treatment", Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 41(6), pp.534~540 (2013), Wiley[DOI]
  79. Söderling E, "Influence of maternal xylitol consumption on acquisition of mutans streptococci by infants", J Dent Res, 79(3), pp.882~887 (2000)
  80. Y. Nakai, "Xylitol Gum and Maternal Transmission of Mutans Streptococci", Journal of Dental Research, 89(1), pp.56~60 (2009), SAGE Publications[DOI]
  81. Olak J, "Caries prevention with xylitol lozenges in children related to maternal anxiety. A demonstration project", Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 13(2), pp.64~69 (2012)
  82. Watthanasaen S, "Xylitol-containing chewing gum for caries prevention in students with disabilities : a randomized trial", Oral Health Pprev Dent, 15(6), pp.519~527 (2017)[DOI]
  83. K.P. Isotupa, "Effect of polyol gums on dental plaque in orthodontic patients", American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 107(5), pp.497~504 (1995), Elsevier BV[DOI]
  84. Steinberg LM, "Remineralizing potential, antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of xylitol and sorbitol sweetened chewing gum", Clin Prev Dent, 14(5), pp.31~34 (1992)
  85. V. Topitsoglou, "Effect of Chewing Gums Containing Xylitol, Sorbitol or a Mixture of Xylitol and Sorbitol on Plaque Formation, pH Changes and Acid Production in Human Dental Plaque", Caries Research, 17(4), pp.369~378 (1983), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  86. James D Bader, "Design of the Xylitol for Adult Caries Trial (X-ACT)", BMC Oral Health, 10(1) (2010), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
  87. John P. Brown, "Visual scoring of non cavitated caries lesions and clinical trial efficiency, testing xylitol in caries-active adults", Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 42(3), pp.271~278 (2014), Wiley[DOI]
  88. Splieth CH, "Effect of xylitol and sorbitol on plaque acidogenesis", Quintessence Int, 40(4), pp.279~285 (2009)
  89. E. Honkala, "Field Trial on Caries Prevention with Xylitol Candies among Disabled School Students", Caries Research, 40(6), pp.508~513 (2006), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  90. Sengun A, "Evaluation of the dental plaque pH recovery effect of a xylitol lozenge on patients with fixed orthodontic appliances", Angle Orthod, 74(2), pp.240~244 (2004)
  91. T. Taipale, "Administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in early childhood: a post-trial effect on caries occurrence at four years of age", Caries Research, 47(5), pp.364~372 (2013), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  92. P. Oscarson, "Influence of a low xylitol-dose on mutans streptococci colonisation and caries development in preschool children", European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 7(3), pp.142~147 (2006), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
  93. K.K. Mäkinen, "Comparison of Erythritol and Xylitol Saliva Stimulants in the Control of Dental Plaque and Mutans Streptococci", Caries Research, 35(2), pp.129~135 (2001), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  94. Kauko K. Mäkinen, "The effect of polyol-combinant saliva stimulants on S. mutans levels in plaque and saliva of patients with mental retardation", Special Care in Dentistry, 22(5), pp.187~193 (2002), Wiley[DOI]
  95. Christina Stecksen-Blicks, "Effect of xylitol on mutans streptococci and lactic acid formation in saliva and plaque from adolescents and young adults with fixed orthodontic appliances", European Journal of Oral Sciences, 112(3), pp.244~248 (2004), Wiley[DOI]
  96. MARILYN C. ROBERTS, "How xylitol-containing products affect cariogenic bacteria", The Journal of the American Dental Association, 133(4), pp.435~441 (2002), Elsevier BV[DOI]
  97. Scheinin A, "Xylitol and caries : the collaborative WHO oral disease preventive programme in Hungary", Int Dent J, 35(1), pp.50~57 (1985)
  98. Peter Milgrom, "Xylitol Pediatric Topical Oral Syrup to Prevent Dental Caries", Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163(7), pp.601~607 (2009), American Medical Association (AMA)[DOI]
  99. Kiet A Ly, "Xylitol gummy bear snacks: a school-based randomized clinical trial", BMC Oral Health, 8(1), pp.1~11 (2008), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
  100. Chi DL, "Milk sweetened with xylitol: A proof-of-principle caries prevention randomized clinical trial", J Dent Child(Chic), 83(3), pp.152~160 (2016)
  101. Leach SA, "Reversal of fissure caries in the albino rat by sweetening agents", Caries Res, 15(6), pp.508~511 (1981)
  102. Bird JL, "Xylitol associated changes in amylase and protein content of monkey parotic saliva", J Nutr, 107(10), pp.1763~1767 (1977)[DOI]
  103. K.K. Mäkinen, "Xylitol-Induced Increase of Lactoperoxidase Activity", Journal of Dental Research, 55(4), pp.652~660 (2016), SAGE Publications[DOI]
  104. Mäkinen KK, "Secretory activity of salivary gland slices in the presence of polyols", Proc Finn Dent Soc, 79 (1983)
  105. L. Trahan, "Transport and Phosphorylation of Xylitol by a Fructose Phosphotransferase System in Streptococcus mutans", Caries Research, 19(1), pp.53~63 (1985), S. Karger AG[DOI]
  106. Trahan L, "Xylitol : a review of its action on mutans streptococci and dental plaque-its clinical significance", Int Dent J, 45(1), pp.77~92 (1995)
  107. Steven J. Culbert, "Oral xylitol in American adults", Nutrition Research, 6(8), pp.913~922 (1986), Elsevier BV[DOI]
  108. Koizumi N, "Estimation of maximum No-effect dose of xylitol in causing diarrhea in humans", Jpn J Food Chem, 5(2), pp.218~225 (1998)
  109. Akerblom HK, "The tolerance of increasing amount of dietary xylitol in children", Int J Vit Nutr Res, 22, pp.53~66 (1982)
  110. Michael P. Rethman, "Nonfluoride caries-preventive agents", The Journal of the American Dental Association, 142(9), pp.1065~1071 (2011), Elsevier BV[DOI]
  111. W M Edgar, "Chewing gum and dental health--a review", British Dental Journal, 168(4), pp.173~177 (1990), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

자일리톨의 효과 및 활용방법에 대한 고찰신경희, 안용순한국치위생학회 · 한국치위생학회지2010 · 제10권 제6호자일리톨 껌 저작에 의한 유치 우식증 예방효과 비교분석김영진, 남순현, 손은영, 송근배, 최연희, 한성근대한소아치과학회 · 대한소아치과학회지2004 · 제31권 제2호자일리톨과 소르비톨 양치가 우식활성도에 미치는 영향사공준, 이승훈한국치위생학회 · 한국치위생학회지2015 · 제15권 제2호자일리톨의 Streptococcus mutans 억제 효과김주원한국치위생과학회 · 치위생과학회지2010 · 제10권 제2호혼합치열기 어린이에서 mutans streptococci에 대한 자일리톨 껌의 항균효과에 관한 연구박재홍대한소아치과학회 · 대한소아치과학회지2007 · 제34권 제4호자일리톨 함유 식품이 합성 수산화인회석에 대한 Streptococcus mutans의 부착에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구김대업, 이광희, 이재춘대한소아치과학회 · 대한소아치과학회지2002 · 제29권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (14건)

피톤치드를 함유한 복합레진의 기계적 특성 및 Streptococcus mutans 에 대한 항균 효과이명진, 손지영, 권재성, 문승하, 김지은, 이은영, 김단비pp. 467-477소아 우식관리를 위한 CAMBRA-kids 애플리케이션 개발 및 휴리스틱 평가이수영, 강유민pp. 479-492구강건강 관련 스마트폰 애플리케이션 분석김수화, 정재연pp. 493-502스마트러닝 기반 학습이 치위생학과 학생들의 학업성취도와 학습만족도에 미치는 영향이경희, 최윤영pp. 503-513흡연의 양과 기간에 따른 치은증상 : 2016년 청소년 건강행태온라인조사 자료를 이용하여이미라, 박경화pp. 515-524
원문 보기