한강 하류 분구묘 분포권의 주거와 취락 위계

Abstract

This article examined the dwellings’ hierarchy within the range of the mounded tombs in the downstream area of the Han River and examined the hierarchy of villages based on this. About 93% of dwellings within the range of the mounded tombs in the downstream area of the Han River is square, except for Jungdo type dwellings that appear in phase the III-2 and IV based on the author’s chronological order. Among them, four columnar dwellings are observed only in rectangular dwellings with a short-to-long ratio of 1:1.3 or less. The size of the dwelling is divided into five groups. Among them, large and super-large dwellings relate to the upper or middle class. This is because rare construction materials are concentrated in these dwellings, and earthenware such as big jars (KR. Daeong) is highly excavated, and heterogeneous earthenware is intensively excavated. Small, medium, and medium-sized dwellings that do not show this pattern reflect the size of household members in the lower classes. In addition, the upper and middle classes were involved in hand-made production such as iron and earthenware. The settlements in the downstream area of the Han River can be divided into three types: the upper village where three classes of social status are observed (euprak -centered village), a middle village where two classes of social status are observed (chollak -centered village), and a lower village where hierarchy is not confirmed (small village). Among them, the heads of the upper and middle villages, where heterogeneous pottery was excavated, is considered the organizer of community rituals of independent units, with a base of force arms and foreign negotiations and the base of power in terms of livelihood economy and ideology. Meanwhile, since the first half of the 4th century, as the Hanseong period of Baekje has been in the central government's full-fledged local control, and the village in the downstream area of the Han River has also changed. In particular, in Paju and Goyang areas in northern Gyeonggi Province, villages related to the grain collection base, such as kilns that only made big jars and sites specializing in storage, rapidly emerged as upper villages.