안라국 국읍과 함안지역 내 정치체 변화

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to identify the central villages of the early Anra (안라) state, specifically the changes in the location of the state and the political entity, and their motives. Among the previous studies, we reviewed the results of research on the Late Bronze Age dolmen society in the Haman area and the results of research on the Proto-Three Kingdoms wooden coffin tomb and the wooden coffin tomb after the middle of the 2nd century. The three main political forces in the Haman area were the Malisan faction in Gaya-eup, Hamancheon, the Sopo-ri faction in Gunbuk-myeon, Seokgyocheon, and the Ogok-ri faction in Chilwon-eup, encompassing the villages of each river tributary network. The growth and consolidation of these forces in each period can be divided into three periods. The first period falls between the 1st century BC, a transitional period from the Early Iron Age to the ProtoThree Kingdoms period, and the mid 3rd century AD, when the earliest wood coffin burials appear and the Anya Kingdom, in its transformed stage, begins to grow after the Posangpal-guk war, which is thought to have broken out in the early 3rd century AD, centred on the Malisan (Dohang-ri) wood coffin tomb group in Gaya-eup. The second period corresponds to the late 3rd to late 4th century AD, and is the period when the Malisan forces, a state that controlled the political, economic, and military power of Sinseumcheon and Gwangjeongcheon, consolidated the power of the Gaya members through negotiations and mergers with the groups of small towns in the upper reaches of the Namgang and Hamancheon rivers, such as Ilgiri, Yoon-uri, and Inna-ri, and the Hagiri burial mound-building group in Seochoncheon, and medium and large wooden coffin tombs begin to appear in the Malisan burial mounds. The third period is centred on the early to mid-fifth century, when Anra grew into a state centred on the Malisan burial mounds. However, despite controlling Sopo-ri in the north of the county, it seems to have maintained its independence, with transitional pit stone coffin tombs flourishing within Chilpo-guk and independent exchanges with Masan Bay and the west bank of the Nakdong River. However, after the middle of the 5th century, Chilpo seems to have been completely subordinated to Anra by the middle of the 5th century. The hierarchical structure of the three stages of Anra-guk took the form of a hierarchy of national capitals ↔ large villages (central villages and small villages) ↔ small villages in each river basin, just like a ‘state’, and it is believed that the Malisan group was the central village, or large village, with the largest number of villages in its sphere of influence. The Anra state of the first period does not appear to have established a strict hierarchy with clear zoning between the national capital and central villages such as large villages and small villages. The basis for the growth of the Anra Kingdom is the growth and development of a group of dolmens from the late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age. However, the establishment of the political body in the early phase of the Anra Kingdom is achieved with the group of wooden coffin graves and early wooden graves as the main formation. After passing through a transitional complex society of unrestricted independent activities of the central villages (small villages) of each water system in the second period, and reaching the third period, we get a glimpse of the aspect of the early state of Anraguk, which gradually differentiated itself in terms of tomb construction and decoration from the central Gaya-eup Malisan and the surrounding Gunbuk-myeon, Chilwon-eup burial mounds as well as the surrounding small and medium-sized burial mound groups.