조선후기 한강 송파지역의 군사적 의미와 장시(場市) 개설

Abstract

This paper aims to reveal a case showing the interrelationship between commerce and military facilities by demonstrating that Song-pa area was a strategic point for the military defense of the capital city, Seoul. This point served as an important background for the commercial development of Song-pa area in the late Joseon Dynasty. The military purpose and function of Songpa Market were penetrating the process of beginning and prospering of it. First, the river port of Song-pa was one of ‘the four ports’ among the Han River, which were selected as the special ports controlled by each military camp since 18th century. This was also the place where Gwang-ju(廣州)‘s military office(鎭舍), garrison farms(屯田), and military troops were located. Second, the warehouse of Song-pa functioned as a key military storage for Nam-han-san-seong(南漢山城). It was the primary collection point for the rice used by military purpose, timber, or pine boards transported through the upper and lower parts of the Han River before moving them to the mountain fortress. The grains of the warehouse were distributed to the civilian nearby in the spring, and they repaid them to Nam-han-san-seong in the fall. Third, Song-pa Market was opened due to the suggestion of a military commander in the early 18th century to recruit a sufficient population to a strategic military location and to ensure a stable livelihood for them. It was opened nearby Nam-han-san-seong but moved to Song-pa port. Song-pa Market grew rapidly, and in the early 19th century, it was counted as one of the 15 largest market place in the country. Even when it was argued that Song-pa Market should be demolished in the name of protecting Shi-jeon(市廛) merchants, it could be remained due to its military function. As such, in the case of Songpa, the local market was opened, relocated, grown, and maintained according to military necessity. This case shows that we need to consider the influence of military facilities in the study of commercial history in the late Joseon Dynasty.