Feminist lawmaking on gender violence: An examination of the US legislation on domestic and global gender violence
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The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 1994 was a dramatic federal legal reform in the US as a result of almost three decades of advocacy by the battered women’s movement and the rape crisis center movement. VAWA comprehensively criminalized domestic and sexual violence and enhanced formal equality and services for the victims of violence. In 2007, as Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Joseph Biden introduced the International Violence Against Women Act (I-VAWA) in the Senate to bring into US foreign policy what VAWA brought into the US domestic policy and to improve upon the way the US addresses violence against women globally. From a feminist lawmaking perspective, this essay traces the history of violence against women movement in the US, which defined rape and domestic violence as social problems that merit public policy solutions. After looking at VAWA’s goals and structures, the essay seeks to examine what kind of actual and symbolic impact VAWA had. Academic research literature indicates VAWA’s positive impact in declined incidence rates and changing social norms in the 1990s. In addition, through analyzing I-VAWA’s approaches and structures as well as similarities and differences to VAWA as a “model”, the paper suggests that if educational and employment attainments and other comprehensive efforts for women’s empowerment come along with, I-VAWA will promote reductions in the incidence of gender violence and will influence underlying social norms globally.
Abstract
The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 1994 was a dramatic federal legal reform in the US as a result of almost three decades of advocacy by the battered women’s movement and the rape crisis center movement. VAWA comprehensively criminalized domestic and sexual violence and enhanced formal equality and services for the victims of violence. In 2007, as Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Joseph Biden introduced the International Violence Against Women Act (I-VAWA) in the Senate to bring into US foreign policy what VAWA brought into the US domestic policy and to improve upon the way the US addresses violence against women globally. From a feminist lawmaking perspective, this essay traces the history of violence against women movement in the US, which defined rape and domestic violence as social problems that merit public policy solutions. After looking at VAWA’s goals and structures, the essay seeks to examine what kind of actual and symbolic impact VAWA had. Academic research literature indicates VAWA’s positive impact in declined incidence rates and changing social norms in the 1990s. In addition, through analyzing I-VAWA’s approaches and structures as well as similarities and differences to VAWA as a “model”, the paper suggests that if educational and employment attainments and other comprehensive efforts for women’s empowerment come along with, I-VAWA will promote reductions in the incidence of gender violence and will influence underlying social norms globally.
참고문헌 (39)
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