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일가정 양립제도와 여성근로자의 지각이 출산에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Work-family balance and childbirth: Supporting institutions of company and influence of female workers' work-family balance perception

유규창|이혜정
한국여성정책연구원 (Korean Womens Development Institute)|2011.06|여성연구 (The Women's Studies)|제80권 제1호|pp. 37-79|DOI 10.33949/tws.2011..1.002

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참고문헌

키워드

출산childbirth일가정 양립 제도일가정 양립 지각work-family balance institutionswork-family balance perception

초록

심각한 저출산 문제가 사회 문제로 대두되고 있는 현실에서 이를 해결하기위한 정책적 노력의 일환으로 여성의 일과 가정 영역의 양립을 지원하기위한 제도들이 기업에 도입되어 운용이 되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 과연이 제도들이 저출산이라는 사회적 현상을 극복하는데 기여하는지를 경영학적관점에서 실증분석 하는 것이다. 즉, 본 연구에서는 일가정 양립 지원 제도의궁극적인 목적임에도 그동안 경영학에서 다루지 못했던 결과 변수인 ‘출산’에미치는 일가정 양립 지원 제도들의 효과(개별 제도와 제도의 합의 영향력)를 분석하였다. 또한 여성 근로자들의 일가정 양립 지각이 출산에 미치는영향과 일가정 양립 지각의 영향요인에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해한국여성정책연구원이 실시한 [여성인력패널조사: 여성관리자 패널조사(KWMP: Korean Women Manager Panel)]의 2008년도 자료 중 인사담당자와 근로자본인 설문지를 이용하여 기혼 여성 1,101명의 자료를 바탕으로분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 기업의 일가정 양립 지원 제도 도입 여부는출산에 크게 영향을 주지 못한 반면(개별 제도 중 육아기근로시간단축제가도입율이 미미함에도 출산에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 제도의 합의 효과는출산율에 유의한 결과를 보이지 못했다) 개인이 지각하는 일가정 양립은출산에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 개인이 일가정 양립을지각하는데 있어 일가정 양립 지원제도가 긍정적인 영향을 주고 있음에는분명하나, 제도의 영향 외에 최고경영자의 철학, 조직지원분위기, 상사의지원, 인사관리의 투명성과 같은 사회적 맥락의 중요함이 강조되었다. 또한 분석 결과를 토대로 일가정 양립을 위한 정부의 정책적 실효성 제고및 기업에서의 역할 정립을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. 기업 내 제도 활용의현실적 어려움을 극복하기 위한 법규정 보완과 같은 정부의 역할과, 일가정양립에 대한 기업 인식의 변화 필요성과 개인이 일가정 양립을 지각할 수있는 지원적 환경 조성과 관련한 기업의 역할에 대한 논의를 결론에서 제시하였다.

Abstract

As part of policy efforts to resolve a serious problem of low birth rate which becomes an object of public concern in Korea,systems for supporting two areas a work and a family are introduced and operated by companies. This research aims to make an empirical analysis on whether or not these institutions contribute to overcome the social phenomenon low birth rate from a viewpoint of business management. That is to say, this research analyzed the effects of work-family balance institutions on the outcome "childbirth" (i.e. the influence of individual institution and the influence of the sum of institutions) which has not been taken up by business management although it is the final aim of the work-family balance institutions. In addition, this research analyzed not only the influence of female workers' work-family balance perception on childbirth but also influence factors of work-family balance perception. To do this, we adopted as a scope the data of 1,101 married female workers by using questionnaires of human resources manager and these workers among the 2008's data of "KWMP (Korean Women Panel)" done by Korean Women's Development Institute. The results of analysis are as follows. The work-family balance perceived by the individual exerted a positive influence on childbirth whereas work-family balance supporting institutions introduced by companies did not influence childbirth greatly (the shorter-time working system for infant care had a significant influence on childbirth although the rate of its introduction was small, but the influence of the sum of those institutions did not show a significant influence on childbirth). These work-family balance institutions have a surely positive influence on the individual's perception of work-family balance, and the importance of social contexts (e.g. the CEO's philosophy, the atmosphere of organization support, the superior's support, transparency in personnel management, etc.) were stressed in addition to the influences of institutions on childbirth. Based on the above results of analysis, this research proposed implications not only of improvement in the government's policy effectiveness for work-family balance but also of the establishment of the role of companies. In conclusion, this research suggested the following three points. First, it discussed the roles of the government such as supplementation of the law for overcoming the realistic difficulty of using the institution in the company. Second, it discussed the necessity of the change of the company's realization about work-family balance. Finally, it discussed the role of companies regarding the creation of supporting environment.

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