COVID-19와 <자기만의 방>에서 소외되는 여성들에 대한 연구 - 엄마대학원생들의 학업 - 육아 양립경험을 중심으로
The Study on Women Being Pushed Out of <A Room of One’s Own> Due to COVID-19 - Focusing on the ‘Academic and Child-Rearing’ Experience of Graduate Student Mothers
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COVID-19가 세계를 휩쓸면서 엄마대학원생에 대한 소외와 배제는 더욱 심화되었다. 엄마대학원생들은 자본주의 사회에서 존재성을 인정받지 못하는 가운데 COVID-19로 인하여 돌봄 부담까지 가중되고 있기 때문이다. 본 연구는 엄마대학원생이 경험해 온 다양한 문제와 외적 제약들을 드러내는 가운데, 학업-육아 양립에 대한 제도적 기본틀을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 코로나 팬데믹 속학업 수행 중인 엄마대학원생의 경험을 편견 없이 탐색하고자 문헌연구 및 초점집단면접(Focus Group Interview: FGI)을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, COVID-19 이전 엄마대학원생들은 대표적으로경제적 어려움, 절대시간의 부족, 정서적 어려움, 나를 돌볼 여유가 없는 모성, 인식과 문화 부재등의 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 또한, COVID-19 이후 발생한 변화를 살펴본 결과 크게 두 가지 모습을 확인하였다. 우선 대학 행정・교육 시스템이 전면 온택트(ontact)화 되면서 엄마대학원생의 물리적, 시간적 에너지 소모가 줄어들었으며, 일의 효율이 높아져 추가 소득을 벌기도 하였다. 그러나‘모성’이라는 굴레에 얽매인 재난 약자로서의 모습이 주되게 발견되었다. 팬데믹 이후 모성에 시간을 쏟느라 가용 가능한 시간자원이 더욱 줄어들었고, 정서적 어려움은 한층 심화된 것이다. 또한, 지지자원 유무에 따른 갈등이 다양하게 일어나기도 하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로향후 엄마대학원생들을 위한 제도적 틀을 단기, 중기, 장기적 차원에서 제언하였다. 먼저 단기적차원에서는 이미 존재하고 있는 공공시설에 대한 접근성이나 학사 제도에 대한 개선을 추구하도록하였으며, 중기적 차원에서는 지속적인 논의와 소통이 담보될 수 있도록 학내 공식 조직을 마련하도록 제언하였다. 장기적 차원에서는 보다 근본적이고 구조적인 접근을 통해 지속가능한 학업-육아양립 환경구축이 필요함을 역설하였다. 끝으로 COVID-19의 확산 속에서 돌봄의 책임을 개인뿐만아니라 사회가 함께 부담하도록 하는 제도적 장치 마련에 대해 부언하였다.
Abstract
As COVID-19 has swept the world, alienation and exclusion of graduate student mothers deepened. This is due to the fact that the burden of care has aggravated, while their existence is not properly recognized. This study presents academic and child-rearing coexperiences of graduate student mothers, through the literature study and Focus Group Interview(FGI). The study found out that before COVID-19, graduate student mothers were typically experiencing hardships such as economic difficulties, lack of absolute time, emotional difficulties, motherhood not affordable of taking care of oneself, and absence of awareness and culture. After COVID-19, as the university administration and education system became completely online-based, physical and time energy consumption have decreased, while work efficiency increased inducing additional income. However, graduate student mothers became the vulnerable group of people in a disaster, bound by the yoke of ‘motherhood’; time resources available were further reduced, with exacerbated emotional difficulties. Diverse conflicts also occurred depending on supportable resources. The study ends with proposing short, medium, and long-term measures for the future. At the short-term level, seeking improvement regarding the access to the public facilities and academic systems that already exist is suggested; at the medium-term level, an official organization within the school is to be established in order to ensure continuous discussion and communication. At the long-term perspective, the need to construct a sustainable academic-parenting environment through more fundamental and structural approach is emphasized. In addition, amid the spread of COVID-19, extra institutional intervention for the society to bear care responsibility together with an individual is suggested.
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