재택근무제도 사용이 근로자의 시간사용에 미치는 성별효과 연구
Gender discrepancies in the effect of Work From Home on the time use
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본 연구는 한국노동패널 2020년 자료를 사용하여 재택근무제도 사용이 남녀 근로자의 시간 사용 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 성향점수 가중치(Propensity Score Weights)를 적용한 선형회귀분석을 활용하였다. 분석결과 유급노동의 시간 변화에는 재택근무와 성별의 교차항의 통계적 유의미성이 확인되지 않은 반면, 수면시간과 가사노동시간에 대해서는 성별에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 재택근무제도 사용이 가사노동시간 증가에 미치는 영향은 남성보다 여성에게서 더 강하게 나타났고, 수면시간 감소에 미치는 영향은 남성 대비 여성에게서 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국에서의 재택근무 제도 사용이 성평등한 시간구성 및 일-생활균형 달성에 제한적인 역할을 하며, 오히려 전통적인 성역할 강화에 일조하는 방향으로 작동하고 있음을 보여준다. 이는 재택근무 제도가 감염확산을 방지하기 위한 일시적인 대응책이 아니라 남녀 모두의 삶의 질 개선을 위한 또 다른 근로형태의 대안으로 자리잡을 수 있도록 정책 설계 단계에서 성평등적 관점의 재검토가 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the working environment has been rapidly changing. This study aims to explore how working from home affects the change in time use of male and female workers. To this end, propensity score weighted linear regression analysis were applied, using Korean Labor & Income Panel data 2020. First, the statistical significance of the interaction term between telecommuting and gender was not confirmed in the change of time use in paid labour. In contrasts, the change of time use in domestic work and sleep turned out to be significant. That is, the effect of working from home on increasing domestic work was stronger in women than in men, and the effect on reducing sleep hours was stronger in women than in men. The results of this study implies that working from home in Korea plays a limited role in achieving gender-egalitarian time use and work-life balance, but rather contributes to strengthening gendered division of labour. Finally, this study draws some policy implications for future labour market policy amid digital economy.
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