양육, 자립의 이중고: 해외 사례를 통해 본 청소년부모 지원 과제
Double Difficulty:Raising a Child as Young Parents
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2021년 「청소년복지 지원법」 개정으로 ‘청소년부모’가 공식적인 정책 대상으로 인지되었다. 그간 정책 대상에서 소외되어왔던 ‘청소년부모’에 대한 법적 지원 근거가 마련된 점은 환영할만하나, 그에 기반한 구체적인 정책이 정비된 것은 아니라는 점에서 정책적 주목을 요한다. 이에 이 글은 해외의 청소년부모 지원 제도를 탐색하여 우리에게 적용 가능한 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 청소년부모에 대한 정책적 대응 경험이 다양하고 풍부한 미국, 영국, 캐나다, 아일랜드, 호주, 뉴질랜드의 청소년부모 지원 제도를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 주요국에서는 통합적인 지원 제도를 갖춘 상태에서 청소년부모에 대한 교육지원을 강조하는 점이 확인된다. 자녀를 양육하는 부모이기도 하지만, 그 이전에 청소년이라는 특수성을 감안할 때, 교육･훈련을 통한 청소년부모의 자립이 청소년부모 가정의 안정을 도모할 수 있다고 판단한 것으로 보인다. 이에 청소년부모 정책을 고안하는 데 있어 청소년부모가 정책 사각지대에 머물지 않을 수 있도록 기존의 서비스에 연계하는 것을 포함하여 청소년부모를 특정한 지원 제도가 마련될 필요가 있고, 자녀 양육의 주된 책임자이지만 무엇보다 성장과 발달이 필요한 청소년이라는 점을 충분히 고려한 주거, 자립, 가정방문, 교육지원 서비스 등을 마련할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Although there have been young parents who raise their children together, neither laws nor policies have been established until 2021 based on the bias that young parent must be a single mother. Now 「Youth Welfare Support Act」 clearly recognizes the existence of young parents and clarifies social services that need to be funded and run by national and local governments. Despite the legal basis for supporting young parents, specific welfare services have not yet been prepared or provided. In this respect, this paper explores how other countries including the U.S., the UK, Canada, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand deal with similar issues. These countries have relatively more diverse policy experiences in supporting adolescent parents. According to the analysis, most of them are focusing on providing education programs to young parents based on the recognition that completion of education plays a key role in ensuring the independence of the young parents and hence making a crucial difference in all aspects of the whole family’s life. Also, it is important to remember that education programs include childcare and transportation services to help them continue learning and training in a stable way. With regard to preparing and implementing appropriate programs for young parents, one of the most important principles is that they are not only parents who raise their children but also young people who need to be supported and encouraged.
참고문헌 (46)
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