가야금산조 생삼청 연구 －한성기, 최옥삼류 진양조를 중심으로－

Abstract

Saengsam-cheong is said to be so-called Ganeun-mok or Oegasjib-mok, and it refers to the melodies composed around the new Cheong(the tone that is the reference note in the given scale) to avoid the melodic monotony and change the position of main notes used in Bon-cheong by a player. Saengsamcheong in Gayageum Sanjo can be seen in Choi Ok-sam Ryu, and there the most of strings of Gayageum must be played in yeokan(力按－, a method of changing tones by pressing a string with the left hand) due to the change of Cheong. Therefore, it would not be an exaggeration to say that Saengsamcheong is the most difficult section to make the accurate pitches. Nowadays, many learners who are learning Gayageum Sanjo in the institution do not approach the musical reality through performances or sound sources of masters, but rather through the written scores. However, Saengsamcheong being played these days is far from the reality due to the errors of scale and inaccurate transcription of Saengsam-cheong in Gayageum Sanjo studied so far. Therefore, this study tried to correct this problem. In addition, it was attempted to reveal that the origin of Saengsam-cheong passed down today is not only the Jinyangjo of Choi Oksam Ryu Gayageum Sanjo, but also the Han Seong-gi Ryu Gayageum Sanjo. And for the musical analysis of Saengsam-cheong, the sound sources of two performers, Han Seong-gi and Hamdong Jeong-wol were compared and analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the original form of the Saengsam-cheong could be confirmed in Han Seong-gi’s performance. 9 Jangdans (18~26 Jangdan) in the total 39 Jangdans of the Chieron52-A by Han Seong-gi and 9 Jangdans (21~29 Jangdan) in the total 29 Jangdans of the Taihei9000-B are the Saengsam-cheong. And 5Jangdans (21~25 Jangdan) of the Chieron52-A and 5 Jangdans (24~28 Jangdan) of the Taihei9000-B correspond to the Saengsam-cheong. Second, it was possible to construct a scale by extracting common notes from the two players’ sound sources. Therefore, the Saengsam-cheong of Han Seong-gi and Choi Ok-sam Ryu Gayageum Sanjo, which has been studied and recognized as Woojo of Tang (B♭) Bon-cheong, were identified as Woojo of Ji (B) Bon-cheong. Third, Han Seong-gi and Hamdong Jeong-wol used the methods of grabbing the “Tang(A)-ji(c#)” strings with their index fingers and thumbs in Saengsamcheong. This technique has been continued without changing for more than 60 years through Han Seong-gi, Choi Ok-sam, and Hamdong Jeong-wol, but in the current performance, the strings “Jing(G)-ji(c)” are picked up rather than “Tang(A)-ji(c#)”. This is also a phenomenon caused by an error in transcription, so reconsideration is needed. Forth, it could be confirmed the honesty and the outstanding musicality of Hamdong Jeong-wol, who kept the original sounds without changing the master's melodies, and the cause of the concern that Hamdong Jeong-wol had been concerned about studying Sanjo as a score. The score should be used as an aid to the sound source for it cannot contain the performance as it is. If the substance of the performance exists as a sound source, the priority should be on the masters’ performances, not on the scores. It is convinced that if learners studying Gayageum recognize the exact tone structure of Saengsam-cheong through this paper, and get closer to the sound sources of the masters, they will be able to approach closely the reality of performance of Saengsam-cheong which was only felt vague.