다제내성 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 균주의 항균제 병합효과
In Vitro Activity of Antimicrobial Combination against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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배경:Pseudomonas aeruginosa는 흔히 병원 감염을 일으킨다. 최근 cefepime이나 carbapenem까지 내성을 나타내는 다약제 내성균주가 출현하고 있다. 저자들은 다약제 내성 P. aeruginosa 균주의 항균제 감수성 양상과 감염 치료에 사용할 수 있는 항균제 병합효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:이화대학교 부속 목동병원에 의뢰된 검체 중 cefepime이나 carbapenem을 포함하여 대부분의 항균제에 내성인 P. aeruginosa 20균주를 대상으로 하였다. Checkerboard 법을 이용해 ceftazidime과 amikacin, gentamicin, aztreonam 각각의 병합, cefepime과 amikacin, gentamicin, aztreonam 각각의 병합, colistin과 ceftazidime, rifampin 각각의 병합효과를 살펴보았다. 결과:20 균주 모두 cefepime이나 carbapenem을 포함하여 12가지 이상의 항균제에 내성을 나타냈다. 그러나 colistin 내성인 균주는 없었다. Ceftazidime, cefepime 및 meropenem의 MIC90은 128, 512와 64 μg/mL로 고도 내성을 나타냈다. Colistin의 MIC90은 2 μg/mL로 감수성 범위내에 있었다. Checkerboard 검사 결과 상승효과를 나타내는 항균제의 조합은 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 부분상승 효과는 관찰되어 ceftazidime과 amikacin의 조합에서 40%, ceftazidime과 gentamicin의 조합에서 65%, cefepime과 amikacin의 조합에서 45%, cefepime과 gentamicin의 조합에서 75%의 부분상승 효과를 나타냈다. 나머지 균주들은 무관하였고, 길항작용을 나타내는 균주는 없었다. 결론:다약제 내성 P. aeruginosa균주는 colistin에 모두 감수성을 보였고, ceftazidime과 amikacin이나 gentamicin, cefepime과 amikacin이나 gentamicin병합시 40-75%의 부분상승을 보였다
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently causes nosocomial infection. Recently, there have been reports of infection with multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of antimicrobial combination against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Methods: Twenty isolates of imipenem and/or cefepime resistant P. aeruginosa were collected from the microbiology laboratory of Ewha Womans Unversity Mokdong Hospital. Checkerboard titration method was used to assess the activity of ceftazidime or cefepime in combination with amikacin, gentamicin or aztreonam, and colistin in combination with ceftazidime or rifampin. Results: All isolates were resistant to more than 12 antimicrobial agents including imipenem and/or cefepime by broth microdilution method; however, no isolates were resistant to colistin. Most of the isolates showed high level resistance to ceftazidime, cefepime and meropenem, with MIC90 of 128, 512 and 64 'g/mL, respectively. The MIC90 of colistin was 2 'g/mL, which is within the susceptible range. Synergistic effect was not detected by the checkerboard titration method with any antimicrobial combinations. However, a partial synergy was observed in 40% of the isolates with the combination of ceftazidime and amikacin, 65% with ceftazidime and gentamicin, 45% with cefepime and amikacin, and 75% with cefepime and gentamicin. Other antimicrobial combinations showed indifference against most strains, and antagonism was not observed. Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were all susceptible to colistin. The combined regimens of ceftazidime with amikacin or gentamicin and cefepime with amikacin or gentamicin revealed a partially synergistic effect in 40-75% of the isolates.
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