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세균 분류학의 기본 개념들

Basic Concepts of Bacterial Taxonomy

장숙진|김영숙
대한임상미생물학회 (Korean Society of Clinical Microbiology)|2012.09|Annals of Clinical Microbiology|제15권 제3호|pp. 79-87

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참고문헌

키워드

ClassificationIdentificationTaxonomyBacteriarRNA genes

초록

분류학의 세 구성 요소는 분류(classification), 명명법(nomenclature) 및 동정(identification)이다. 전통적으로 세균의 분류와동정은 세균의 형태학적, 생화학적 데이터에 근거를 두어 시행되었다. 소위 자연적 개념이라고 불리는 새 이론에서는세균들간의 관계를 표현형적, 유전형적인 특성 둘 다의 전체적인 유사성에 근거를 두어 기술한다. 현대의 분류학인 다상적 분류학(polyphasic taxonomy)은 유전형적, 표현형적, 계통발생학적인 정보들을 모두 통합하여 공감되는 형태의 일반적목적의 분류를 하는 것이다. 생화학적 검사에 근거를 둔 일상적인 동정법이 실패하면 전체 16s rRNA 유전자 염기서열분석과 같은 대체동정법이 필요하다. 비록 16s rRNA 유전자 염기서열 분석법이 밀접하게 관련된 균종을 감별할 수 있을만큼 변별력이 충분하지 못할 경우가 가끔 있지만 그 결과는 그러한 균종 동정에 필요한 추가 분석법에 대해 제시를해줄 수도 있을 것이다.

Abstract

The three components of taxonomy are classification, nomenclature and identification. Traditionally, bacterial classification and identification were performed based on the morphology and the biochemical data of the bacteria. In newer theories, or so-called natural concepts, the relationships between bacteria are based on the overall similarities of both the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The polyphasic taxonomy, or current taxonomy, describes the integration of all of the available genotypic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic information into a consensus type of general-purpose lassification. When routine identification methods that are based on the biochemical tests fail, alternative procedures such as complete 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis are required. Although the results of 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis have not been fully discriminatory to differentiate closely related species, they may guide the additional analyses that are required for species identification.

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