복합 숫자 확장 자극의 길이, 언어, 성별 변수가 정상인의 청각 작업기억에 미치는 영향
Effects of a Speaker’s Language and Gender in Complex Digit Expansions on Auditory Working Memories of Normal Hearing Subjects
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study was to analyze the response properties of normal hearing young female adults (N = 29) in response to complex auditory digit expansions requiring both forward and backward working memory processes. The stimulus sets consisting of middle, front, and back digit combinations were digitally synthesized in the sequential length patterns of 3, 6, and 9 Korean and English digits. Individual digit spans had male and female voice options. They were randomly presented through the closed acoustic system and the corresponding performances were analyzed with special references to a speaker’s language and gender. The results were as follows: First, statistically significant differences were noted in Korean and English versions of complex digit sequences of the length six (p < .01). Second, there were no statistically significant preferences in the gender of the speaker in 3, 6, 9 length sessions of the complex digit patterns (p > .01). Third, the average values of the 50% performance index point were reduced in the order of complex digit span, backward digit span, and forward digit span. In summary, the data showed quantitative measures of the working memory consumptions and language dependency in complex digit sequences. Results can be used as initial reference data for the complex auditory digit expansion studies. This complex digit sequence procedure may also be clinically applied for screening memory-related disorders and impaired cognitive functions.
Abstract
This study was to analyze the response properties of normal hearing young female adults (N = 29) in response to complex auditory digit expansions requiring both forward and backward working memory processes. The stimulus sets consisting of middle, front, and back digit combinations were digitally synthesized in the sequential length patterns of 3, 6, and 9 Korean and English digits. Individual digit spans had male and female voice options. They were randomly presented through the closed acoustic system and the corresponding performances were analyzed with special references to a speaker’s language and gender. The results were as follows: First, statistically significant differences were noted in Korean and English versions of complex digit sequences of the length six (p < .01). Second, there were no statistically significant preferences in the gender of the speaker in 3, 6, 9 length sessions of the complex digit patterns (p > .01). Third, the average values of the 50% performance index point were reduced in the order of complex digit span, backward digit span, and forward digit span. In summary, the data showed quantitative measures of the working memory consumptions and language dependency in complex digit sequences. Results can be used as initial reference data for the complex auditory digit expansion studies. This complex digit sequence procedure may also be clinically applied for screening memory-related disorders and impaired cognitive functions.
참고문헌 (28)
- 하규섭, "한국 성인 주의력 평가를 위한 전산화 도구의 개발과 표준화", 신경정신의학, 41(2), pp.347~358 (2002), 대한신경정신의학회
- 김태유, "알쯔하이머병에서의 숫자 따라 말하기", 대한치매학회지, 2(2), pp.131~136 (2003)
- 염태호, "K-WAIS 실시요강" (1992), 한국가이던스
- 임덕환, "정상 한국성인의 모국어 단음절 청각 숫자 기억 처리에 관한 연구", Audiology and Speech Research, 7(2), pp.195~199 (2011), 한국청각언어재활학회
- 임덕환, "정상 한국성인의 역방향 모국어단음절 청각 숫자 확장 기억처리에 관한 비교 연구", Audiology and Speech Research, 9(1), pp.60~65 (2013), 한국청각언어재활학회
- 조수진, "기억처리과정의 이해", Audiology and Speech Research, 8(1), pp.1~8 (2012), 한국청각언어재활학회
- Aaronson, D., "Stimulus factors and listening strategies in auditory memory: A theoretical analysis", Cognitive Psychology, 6(1), pp.108~132 (1974)
- Aben, B., "About the distinction between working memory and short-term memory", Frontiers in Psychology, 3, pp.1~9 (2012)
- Ayres, T. J., "Digit span, reading rate, and linguistic relativity", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, pp.739~751 (1986)
- Baddeley, A. D., "Working memory" (1986), Oxford University Press
- Baddeley, A. D., "Working memory : Looking back and looking forward", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4, pp.829~839 (2003)
- Bancken, J. A., "Clinical utility of considering digits forward and digits backward as separate components of the Wechsler adults intelligence scale-revised", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, pp.686~691 (1985)
- Cambron, N. K., "Spondaic word detection and recognition functions for female and male speakers", Ear and Hearing, 12(1), pp.64~70 (1991)
- Cowan, N., "On short and long auditory stores", Psychological Bulletin, 96(2), pp.341~370 (1984)
- Cowan, N., "The magical mystery four: how is working memory capacity limited, and why?", Current Directions in Psychology Science, 19(1), pp.51~57 (2010)
- Ferguson, A. N., "Global processing speed as a mediator of developmental changes in children's auditory memory span", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 91, pp.89~112 (2005)
- Javitt, D. C., "Impaired precision, but normal retention, of auditory sensory('echoic')memory information in Schizophrenia", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, pp.315~324 (1997)
- Kyllonen, P. C., "Reasoning ability is (little more than) working memory capacity?!", Intelligence, 14, pp.389~433 (1990)
- Lynn, R., "Sex differences in mental arithmetic, digit span, and g defined as working memory capacity", Intelligence, 36, pp.226~235 (2008)
- Miller, G. A., "The magic number seven plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information", Psychological Review, 101(2), pp.343~352 (1956)
- Naveh-Benjamin, M, "Digit span, reading rate, and linguistic relativity", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, pp.739~751 (1986)
- Page, R. D., "'Reversible' organic brain syndrome in alcoholics: A psychometric evaluation", Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 35, pp.98~107 (2012)
- Patel, A. D., "Language, music, syntax, and the brain", Nature Neuroscience, 6(7), pp.674~682 (2003)
- Richardson, J. T., "Measures of short-term memory: A historical review", Cortex, 43(5), pp.635~650 (2007)
- Sohn, W. Y., "Role of working memory capacity and long-term working memory skill in complex task performance", Memory and Cognition, 31(3), pp.458~466 (2003)
- Sternberg, R. J., "Cognitive Psychology" (2003), Thomson Co
- Sussman. E. S., "Organization of sequential sounds in auditory memory", Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, 16, pp.1519~1523 (2005)
- Swanson, H. L., "Individual differences in working memory: A model testing and subgroup analysis of learning-disabled and skilled readers", Intelligence, 17, pp.285~332 (1993)