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의료기관 종사자 대상 Pfizer와 AstraZeneca COVID-19 백신 2회 접종 후 항체검사 검출률

Antibody Detection in Healthcare Workers After Vaccination With Two Doses of the BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 Vaccine

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초록

배경: 2020년부터 코로나19의 전세계적인 대유행으로 많은 제약회사에서 코로나19 백신을 개발하였다. 국내에서 초기에 첫 번째와 두 번째로 허가된 아스트라제네카사와 화이자사의 백신 접종후 효과를 판정하기위해 자동화면역검사기기와 현장에서 이용 가능한 신속항체검사를 이용해항체형성 효과를 측정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 방법: 화이자 백신을 투여 받은 121명과 아스트라제네카 백신을 투여 받은 117명의 의료기관 직원들을 대상으로 지멘스사의 ADVIA Centaur XPT SARS-CoV-2 Total, 로슈사의 Elecsys Anti-SARSCoV-2 S 및 에스디 바이오센서사의 STANDARD F SARS-CoV-2 nAb FIA를 검사했다. 백신 접종전과 1차 접종 3주 후 및 16주 후의 결과를 측정해서 양성 및 음성 결과와 항체 정량수치를 측정했다. 결과: 화이자 백신 투여군 121명은 남자 41명과 여자 80명, 아스트라제네카 백신 투여군 117명은남자 38명과 여자 79명으로 구성되어 있었다. 4명의 기확진 완치자를 제외하고 항체 결과와 정량수치를 분석했다. 화이자 백신 투여 군에서 로슈와 지멘스 항체검사 결과를 양성과 음성으로 비교할 때 3주와 16주 측정 시기 모두 통계적으로 차이가 없었다(P = 0.5, 1.0). 하지만 에스디 바이오센서의 결과는 로슈와 지멘스 두 결과와 1차 접종 후 3주 결과에서 모두 통계적인 차이를 나타냈고(P < 0.0001) 16주 결과에서는 통계적인 차이가 없었다. 화이자 백신 투여 군과 아스트라제네카백신 투여 군에서 로슈 항체검사 결과를 백신 투여 전, 투여 3주 후 및 16주 후를 비교했을 때 두 군의 차이는 1차 접종 3주 후에 측정한 결과가 통계적인 차이(P < 0.0001)를 나타내고 16주 후에는 양성 결과와 항체검사 수치의 차이가 없었다(P = 0.2047). 결론: 화이자와 아스트라제네카 백신 2회 접종 후 항체 형성은 모든 평가 대상자에게 항체검사제품 검출 가능 범위의 90% 이상 수준으로 잘 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Abstract

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, from 2020, many pharmaceutical companieshave developed vaccines. To determine the efficacy of AstraZeneca's and Pfizer's vaccines,which were the first and second vaccines to be approved in Korea, respectively, we developeda method to measure their antibody-generating efficacies using immunology analyzers and arapid antibody test available in Korea. Methods: The antibody-stimulating efficacies of the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines wereevaluated using Centaur® XPT SARS-CoV-2 (Siemens Healthineers, Germany), Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), and STANDARD F SARS-CoV-2 nAb FIA (SDBiosensor, Korea). Healthcare workers were enrolled in two groups: the Pfizer (121) andAstraZeneca (117) groups. Antibody levels were measured pre-vaccination, three weeks aftervaccination, and 16 weeks after vaccination. Results: The Pfizer group comprised 41 males and 80 females, while the AstraZenecagroup comprised 38 males and 79 females. Antibody results were analyzed after excludingfour individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. Between weeks 3 and 16, there was nosignificant difference (P= 0.5, 1.0) between the results of the Roche and Siemens antibodytests in the Pfizer vaccine group. However, the SD biosensor results comparing with the Rocheand Siemens antibody tests at three weeks after the initial vaccination showed a significantdifference (P < 0.0001). Analysis of the Roche antibody test results before, at three weeks, and at16 weeks after the administration of the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines revealed a statisticallysignificant difference between before and at three weeks after the first injection (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: After two doses of the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines, antibody formation wasabove the 90th percentile of the measurement range in all subjects.

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