본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Comparing Employee Attitudes towards Individualism-Collectivism across Public and Private Sector Organizations

0

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류정책학

초록

One hundred thirty one responses from public employees and 154 responses from private employees were analyzed to compare employee attitudes towards individualism-collectivism across public and private sector organizations. The present study provides knowledge to public management by showing that some organizational characteristics of public sector organizations (i.e., goal ambiguity, red tape, and public-service motivation) make the public-private distinction, whereas others do not. Additionally, we found that the distinction has been blurred as New Public Management (NPM) has been adopted recently in the public sector. Finally, we support the two-factor model of organizational collectivism and individualism, as well as report that organizational individualism differentiates public and private sector organizations. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Abstract

One hundred thirty one responses from public employees and 154 responses from private employees were analyzed to compare employee attitudes towards individualism-collectivism across public and private sector organizations. The present study provides knowledge to public management by showing that some organizational characteristics of public sector organizations (i.e., goal ambiguity, red tape, and public-service motivation) make the public-private distinction, whereas others do not. Additionally, we found that the distinction has been blurred as New Public Management (NPM) has been adopted recently in the public sector. Finally, we support the two-factor model of organizational collectivism and individualism, as well as report that organizational individualism differentiates public and private sector organizations. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

참고문헌 (98)

  1. Antonsen, M., "The ‘publicness’ of public organizations", Public Administration, 75, pp.337~357 (1997)
  2. Baldwin, J.N., "Perceptions of public versus private sector personnel and informal red tape: Their impact on motivation", American Review of Public Administration, 20(1), pp.7~28 (1990)
  3. Balfour, D.L., "Organizational commitment: A reconceptualization and empirical test of public and private differences", Review of Public Personnel Administration, 10(3), pp.23~40 (1990)
  4. Bates, K. A., "The crucial interrelationship between manufacturing strategy and organizational culture", Management Science, 41(10), pp.1565~1580 (1995)
  5. Box,R.C., "New public management and substantive democracy", Public Administration, 61(5), pp.608~619 (2001)
  6. Bozeman, B., "All organizations are public:Comparing public and private organizations" (1987), Jossey-Bass
  7. Bozeman, B., "A theory of government red tape", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 3(3), pp.273~303 (1993)
  8. Bozeman, B., "Risk culture in public and private organizations", Public Administration, 58(2), pp.109~118 (1998)
  9. Bozeman, B., "Bureaucracy and red tape.Upper Saddle River" (2000), Prentice Hall
  10. Bozeman, B., "Sector context and performance: A comparison of industrial and government research units", Administration & Society, 19(2), pp.197~235 (1987)
  11. Bozeman, B., "Organizational rules and the bureaucratic personality", American Journal of Political Science, 42(1), pp.163~189 (1998)
  12. Bozeman, B., "Untangling conceptual knots", American Review of Public Administration, 26(1), pp.1~17 (1996)
  13. Bretschneider, S.I., "Management information systems in public and private organizations: An empirical test", Public Administration Review, 50(5), pp.536~545 (1990)
  14. Brown, S.P., "A meta-analysis and review organizational research on job involvement", Psychological Bulletin, 120(2), pp.235~255 (1996)
  15. Buchanan, B., "Red-tape and the service ethic: Some unexpected differences between public and private managers", Administration & Society, 6(4), pp.423~444 (1975)
  16. Chatman, J.A., "Personality, organizational culture, and cooperation: Evidence from a business simulation", Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(3), pp.423~443 (1995)
  17. Chatman, J. A., "Assessing the relationship between industry characteristics and organizational culture: How different can you be?", Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), pp.522~553 (1994)
  18. Chubb, J. E., "Politics, markets, and the organization of schools", American Political Science Review, 82(4), pp.1065~1087 (1988)
  19. Chun,Y.H., "Goal ambiguity in U.S. federal agencies", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(1), pp.1~30 (2005)
  20. Cooke, R.A., "Behavioral norms and expectations: A quantitative approach to the assessment of organizational culture", Group & Organization Studies, 13(3), pp.245~273 (1988)
  21. Coursey, D, "Decision making in public and private organizations: A test of alternative concepts of publicness", Public Administration Review, 50(5), pp.525~535 (1990)
  22. Cox, T. H., "Effects of ethnic group cultural differences on cooperative and competitive behavior on a group task", Academy of Management Review, 34(4), pp.827~847 (1991)
  23. Crewson, P.D., "A comparative analysis of public and private sector entrant quality", American Journal of Political Science, 39(3), pp.628~639 (1995)
  24. Crewson, P.D., "Public-service motivation: Building empirical evidence in incidence and effect", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 7(4), pp.499~518 (1997)
  25. Denhardt, R. B., "The new public service: Serving rather than steering", Public Administration Review, 60(6), pp.549~559 (2000)
  26. Dixit, A., "Power of incentives in private versus public organizations", American Economic Review, 87(2), pp.378~382 (1997)
  27. Earley, P.C., "Taking stock in our progress on individualismcollectivism: 100 years of solidarity and community", Journal of Management, 24(3), pp.265~304 (1998)
  28. Emmert, M.A., "Public sector professionals: The effects of public sector jobs on motivation, job satisfaction and work involvement", American Review of Public Administration, 22(2), pp.37~48 (1992)
  29. Feldman, M., "Order without design:Information production and policy making" (1989), Stanford University Press
  30. Fottler, M.D., "Is management really generic?", Academy of Management Review, 6(1), pp.1~12 (1981)
  31. Frederickson, H.G., "Toward a new public administration. Toward a new public administration:The Minnowbrook perspective" (1971), Chandler Publishing Company
  32. Frederickson, H.G., "Toward a theory of the public for public administration", Administration & Society, 22(4), pp.395~417 (1991)
  33. Frederickson, H.G., "The public service and the patriotism of benevolence", Public Administration Review, 45(5), pp.547~553 (1985)
  34. Frumkin, P., "Institutional isomorphism and public sector organizations", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 14(3), pp.283~307 (2004)
  35. Gabris, G.T., "Public sector motivation as an independent variable affecting career decisions", Public Personnel Management, 24(1), pp.33~51 (1995)
  36. Goodsell, C.T., "Reinvent government or rediscover it?", Public Administration Review, 53(1), pp.85~87 (1993)
  37. Goodsell, C.T., "The case for bureaucracy:A public administration polemic" (2004), CQ Press
  38. Haque, M.S., "Legitimation crisis:A challenge for public service in the next century.", International Review of Administrative Science, 64(1), pp.13~26 (1998)
  39. Haque, M.S., "The diminishing publicness of public service under the current mode of governance", Public Administration Review, 61(1), pp.65~82 (2001)
  40. Hofstede, G., "Culture’s consequences:International differences in work related values" (1980), Sage Publications
  41. Hofstede, G., "The interaction between national and organizational value systems", Journal of Management Studies, 22(4), pp.347~357 (1985)
  42. Hofstede, G., "Culture and organizations:Software of the mind" (1997), McGraw-Hill
  43. Hofstede, G., "Measuring individualism and collectivism a occupational and organizational level. Growth and progress in cross-cultural psychology" (1987), Sweets & Zeitlinger
  44. Hood, C., "The middle aging of new public management:Into the age of paradox?", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 14(3), pp.267~282 (2004)
  45. Hui, C.H., "Individualism-collectivism: A study of cross-cultural researchers", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 17(2), pp.225~248 (1986)
  46. Jaeger, A.M., "Organizational development and national culture:Where’s the fit?", Academy of Management Review, 11(1), pp.178~190 (1986)
  47. Jurkiewicz, C.L., "Motivation in public and private organizations: A comparative study", Public Productivity & Management Review, 21(3), pp.230~250 (1998)
  48. Kagitcibasi, C., "Individual and group loyalties:Are they compatible? Growth and progress in cross-cultural psychology" (1987), Sweets & Zeitlinger
  49. Kemmelmeier, M., "Individualism, collectivism, and authoritarianism in seven societies", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34(3), pp.304~322 (2003)
  50. Kingsley, G.A., "Decision process models and organizational context: Level and sector make a difference", Public Productivity & Management Review, 14(4), pp.397~413 (1991)
  51. Kurland, N.B., "Public vs. private perceptions of formalization, outcomes, and justice", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 9(3), pp.437~458 (1999)
  52. Lachman, R., "Public and private sector differences: CEO’s perception of their role environments", Academy of Management Journal, 28(3), pp.671~680 (1985)
  53. Lan, Z., "Goals, rules, and effectiveness in public, private, and hybrid organizations: More evidence on frequent assertions about differences", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2(1), pp.5~28 (1992)
  54. Lynn, L.E., "Managing the public’s business" (1981), Basic Books
  55. Maidani, E, "Comparative study of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of job satisfaction among public and private sectors", Public Personnel Management, 20(4), pp.441~448 (1991)
  56. Meyer, M.W., "Bureaucratic versus profit organization, Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 4" (1982), JAI Press
  57. Mosher, F.C., "Democracy and the public service" (1968), Oxford University Press
  58. Murray, M.A., "Comparing public and private management: An exploratory essay", Public Administration Review, 35(4), pp.364~371 (1975)
  59. Osborne, D. E., "Banishing bureaucracy: The five strategies for reinventing government" (1997), Addison-Wesley
  60. Pandey, S. K., "The impact of red tape’s administrative delay on public organizations’ interest in new information technologies", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 7(1), pp.113~130 (1997)
  61. Pandey, S. K., "Examining red tape in public and private organizations: Alternative explanations from a social psychological model", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(4), pp.779~799 (2000)
  62. Pandey, S. K., "Red Tape: A review and assessment of concepts and measures", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 12(4), pp.553~580 (2002)
  63. Perry, J. L, "Measuring public service motivation: An assessment of construct reliability and validity", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6(1), pp.5~22 (1996)
  64. Perry, J. L., "Factors affecting the context for motivation in public organizations", Academy of Management Review, 7(1), pp.89~98 (1982)
  65. Perry, J. L., "The motivational bases of public service", Public Administration Review, 50(3), pp.367~373 (1990)
  66. Pettigrew, A. M, "On studying organizational culture", Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), pp.570~581 (1979)
  67. Rainey, H. G., "Public agencies and private firms: Incentive structure, goals, and individual roles", Administration & Society, 15(2), pp.207~242 (1983)
  68. Rainey, H. G., "Public management: Recent research on the political context and managerial roles, structures, and behaviors", Journal of Management, 15(2), pp.229~250 (1989)
  69. Rainey, H. G., "Understanding and managing public organizations" (1997), Jossey-Bass
  70. Rainey, H. G., "Comparing public and private organizations: Empirical research and the power of the a priori", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(2), pp.447~469 (2000)
  71. Rainey, H. G., "Research note: Public and private managers’ perception of red tape", Public Administration Review, 55(6), pp.567~573 (1995)
  72. Ramamoorthy, N., "Individualism", collectivism orientations and reactions toward alternative human resource management practices, 1998, pp.51(5), 571~588
  73. Ramamoorthy, N., "Individualism", collectivism, perceived task interdependence and teamwork attitudes among Irish blue-collar employees: A test of the main and moderating effects, 2004, pp.57(3), 347~366
  74. Rawls, J. R., "A comparison of managers entering or reentering the profit and nonprofit sectors", Academy of Management Journal, 18(3), pp.616~622 (1975)
  75. Riccucci, N. M., "The “old” public management versus the “new” public management: Where does public administration fit in", Public Administration Review, 61(2), pp.172~175 (2001)
  76. Robert, C., "Organizational individualism and collectivism: Theoretical development and an empirical test of a measure", Journal of Management, 28(4), pp.544~566 (2002)
  77. Rosenfeld, R. A., "An expansion and application of Kaufman’s model of red tape: The case of community development block grants", The Western Political Quarterly, 37(4), pp.603~620 (1984)
  78. Schein, E. H., "Culture: The missing concept in organization studies", Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(2), pp.229~240 (1996)
  79. Schneider, S. C., "National vs. corporate culture: Implications for human resource management", Human Resource Management, 27(2), pp.231~246 (1988)
  80. Schwartz, S. H., "Individualism-collectivism: Critique and proposed refinements", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21(2), pp.139~157 (1990)
  81. Scott, P. G., "The influence of red tape on bureaucratic behavior: An experimental simulation", Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 19(4), pp.615~633 (2000)
  82. Segal, M., "Organization and environment: A typology of adaptability and structure", Public Administration Review, 34(3), pp.212~220 (1974)
  83. Shamir, B., "Meaning, self and motivation in organizations", Organization Studies, 12(3), pp.405~424 (1991)
  84. Simon, H. A., "Organizations and markets", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 5(3), pp.273~294 (1995)
  85. Smith,R.W., "Corporate ethics officers and government ethics administrators: Comparing apples with oranges or a lesson to be learned", Administration & Society, 34(6), pp.632~652 (2003)
  86. Solomon, E. E., "Private and public sector managers: An empirical investigation of job characteristics and organizational climate", Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(2), pp.247~259 (1986)
  87. Staats, E. B., "Public service and the public interest", Public Administration Review, 48(3), pp.601~605 (1988)
  88. Stark, A., "What is the new public management", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 12(1), pp.137~151 (2002)
  89. Steel, B. S., "Job satisfaction among early labor force participants: Unexpected outcomes in public and private sector comparisons", Review of Public Personnel Administration, 10(3), pp.4~22 (1990)
  90. Triandis, H. C., "The self and social behavior in different cultural contexts", Psychological Review, 96(3), pp.506~520 (1989)
  91. Triandis, H. C., "Individualism and collectivism" (1995), Westview Press
  92. Voronov, M., "The myth of individualism-collectivism: A critical review", The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(4), pp.461~480 (2002)
  93. Wagner, J. A., "Studies of individualism-collectivism: Effects on cooperation in groups", Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), pp.152~172 (1995)
  94. Wilson, J. Q., "Bureaucracy: What government agencies do and why they do it" (1989), Basic Books
  95. Wittmer, D., "Serving the people or serving for pay: Reward preferences among government, hybrid sector and business managers", Public Productivity & Management Review, 14(4), pp.369~383 (1991)
  96. Wittmer, D., "Ethical work climates: Comparing top managers in public and private organizations", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6(4), pp.559~572 (1996)
  97. Wright, B. E., "Public-sector work motivation: A review of the current literature and a revised conceptual model", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 11(4), pp.559~586 (2001)
  98. Wright,B.E., "Job satisfaction in the public sector: The role of the work environment", American Review of Public Administration, 33(1), pp.70~90 (2003)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)