학력과 시간사용의 관계:1999-2019 생활시간조사의 활용
Educational gradient in time use: Evidence from the Korean Time Use Survey
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초록
사람들이 일상시간을 사용하는 양태는 개인과 사회를 이해하고 경제 및 사회정책을 설계하는데 유용한 정보를 제공한다. 그리고 교육은 사람들의 시간사용에 변화를 일으킴으로써 생애주기에 걸쳐 지대한 영향을 미친다. 이 연구는 통계청의 1999-2019년 생활시간조사를 이용하여 학력이 시간사용에 미치는 효과를 분석한다. 분석결과 교육 수준이 높아질수록 평소 피곤함을 덜 느끼는데 이는 시간사용 관점에서 평가한 삶의 질이 학력과 긍정적인 관계가 있음을 시사한다. 다만 이와 같은 관계는 최근 10년간 약해진 것으로 드러난다. 고학력일수록 노동 시간이 감소하는 패턴이 분석 전 기간에 걸쳐 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 또한 교육수준이 높아지면 가정관리 시간이 줄어드는 반면에 돌봄 시간이 늘어나며, 이러한 경향은 최근 10여년 간 더 강화되었다. 교제 및 여가활동 시간 및 이동 시간은 학력과 양의 상관관계를 보이지만, 최근 들어 학력 간 차이가 줄어들었다. 학력에 따른 시간사용 패턴은 성별, 결혼 여부, 미취학아동 자녀 유무, 맞벌이 여부를 중심으로 이질적으로 나타난다. 분석결과를 토대로 정책적 시사점 및 후속 연구방향에 대해 논의한다.
Abstract
The daily time use of individuals provides valuable insights into their personal and societal behavior, with education having a significant impact in time spending over the life cycle. This study analyzed the effect of education on individuals' time use by utilizing the 1999-2019 Time Use Survey conducted by Statistics Korea. The results showed that higher levels of education are correlated with decreased feelings of fatigue, indicating a positive relationship between educational background and quality of life. However, this relationship has weakened in recent years. The level of education is negatively related to working time. As individuals gained more education, they spent less time on household management tasks but increased time spent on family care activities, a trend that has strengthened in recent years. Social and leisure activities were positively correlated with education, but the differences between high and low education groups have decreased in recent years. Time use patterns were found to be heterogeneous based on gender, marital status, presence of preschool children, and dual-earner status. The findings of this study are discussed in terms of policy implications and future research directions.
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