유전알고리즘을 이용한 주행행태 최적화 및 자율주행차 도입률별 일반자동차 교통류 안전성 분석
Driving Behaivor Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm and Analysis of Traffic Safety for Non-Autonomous Vehicles by Autonomous Vehicle Penetration Rate
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참고문헌
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초록
자율주행시대에 맞춰 다양한 연구에서 미시교통시뮬레이션(VISSIM)을 활용하여 자율주행차 도입시 교통류 안전성 분석을 수행중이다. 그러나, 일반자동차의 주행행태를 VISSIM 내 파라미터로 반영하여 혼재시의 교통류 안전성을 분석한 연구는 미비하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실제 주행행태와 유사한 주행행태를 구현하기 위하여 일반자동차의 VISSIM 입력변수를 유전알고리즘을 통해 최적화 한 후, 자율주행차 도입률에 따른 교통류 안전성 분석을 수행하는것을 목적으로 한다. US I-101 고속도로의 640m 구간을 대상으로 후행차량이 일반자동차인 경우에 대해서 상충횟수 분석을 수행한 결과, 전체 상충횟수는 자율주행차 도입률 20%까지 증가하였으며 20%를 초과한 이후부터는 지속적으로 감소하였다. 일반자동차와 자율주행차 사이의상충횟수는 자율주행차 도입률 60%까지 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나, 자율주행차의주행행태를 기존 문헌결과를 바탕으로 하여 실제 주행행태를 표현하지 못했다는 한계가 존재한다. 그러므로 보다 정확한 분석을 위해 향후 연구에서는 자율주행차의 실제 주행행태를 반영하여 연구를 수행할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Various studies have been conducted using microtraffic simulation (VISSIM) to analyze the safety of traffic flow when introducing autonomous vehicles. However, no studies have analyzed traffic safety in mixed traffic while considering the driving behavior of general vehicles as a parameter in VISSIM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize the input variables of VISSIM for non-autonomous vehicles through genetic algorithms to obtain realistic behavior. A traffic safety analysis was then performed according to the penetration rate of autonomous vehicles. In a 640 meter section of US highway I-101, the number of conflicts was analyzed when the trailing vehicle was a non-autonomous vehicle. The total number of conflicts increased until the proportion of autonomous vehicles exceeded 20%, and the number of conflicts decreased continuously after exceeding 20%. The number of conflicts between non-autonomous vehicles and autonomous vehicles increased with proportions of autonomous vehicles of up to 60%. However, there was a limitation in that the driving behavior of autonomous vehicles was based on the results of the literature and did not represent actual driving behavior. Therefore, for a more accurate analysis, future studies should reflect the actual driving behavior of autonomous vehicles.
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