작업기억과 수학학습 수행과의 관계
The Relationship between Working Memory and Performance of Mathematics
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본 연구는 수 연산과 도형 부문에서 문제 해결력이 떨어지는 아동들의 낮은 수행이 작업기억의 하부 영역과 갖는 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 137명의 아동을 대상으로 작업 기억의 하부 영역(음성영역, 시공간 영역)과 수학학습의 수 연산, 도형 영역과의 관계를 분석하였다. 실험은 음성 고리 수행별 3 집단, 시공간 수행별 3 집단 각각을 대상으로 수 연산과 도형 부문에서 성취한 수행을 분석하였다. 음성 고리 폭의 측정은 음성으로 제시되는 8단계의 연산식을 사용하였고 각 단계는 3가지 형태(쉬운 항목, 어려운 항목, 매우 어려운 항목)로 구성 되었다. 시공간 폭의 측정은 단계가 올라갈수록 기억해야 할 내용이 커지는 회상 과제로, 연속적으로 제시되는 일정한 크기의 작은 직사각형의 점멸을 회상하는 과제였다. 본 실험의 결과를 살펴보면, 작업기억의 음성 고리 영역은 수 연산 영역과 밀접한 관련이 있었으며 시공간 영역은 도형 영역과 통계적으로 유의미한 결과가 도출되었다. 이러한 결과는 수학학습의 낮은 수행이 작업기억의 하부 영역 수행과 관련되어 있음을 밝히고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between working memory and performance of mathematics. The subjects were 137 children from elementary school in Seoul. The independent variables were phonological span and visuospatial span. The dependent variables were the performance of arithmetics and geometry. A phonological span was measured in terms of adding together pairs of multi-digit numbers. A visuospatial span was measured in terms of reproducing the sequence. On each trial the participant observed the taps the experimenter made a sequence of blocks and then attempted to reproduce the sequence. Mathematical achievement test consisted of arithmetics and geometry problems. One way ANOVA was applied for each independent variable and for four groups divided by phonological and visuospatial span. The results of this experiment were as follows: First, the phonological loop appeared to operate in solving arithmetic problems. Second, the visuospatial pad appeared to operate in solving geometry problems. Third, different component of working memory took specialized role in mathematics. This result suggest that children with the difficulties in mathematics might have had specific deficit in working memory.
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