본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

그림과 작업기억력이 영어어휘습득에 미치는 영향

The interplay of pictures and working memory capacity in vocabulary acquisition of Korean EFL children

1

조회

0

다운로드

14

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류영어와문학

초록

Two experiments were conducted in order to explore the effects of pictures and working memory capacity on vocabulary learning of Korean children who learn English as a foreign language (EFL). In Experiment 1, one hundred and five 6th graders were assigned to two groups and were exposed four times to their corresponding experimental materials: (i) English words +meanings and (ii) English words + meanings + congruent pictures. The results showed that the main effect of picture did not reach statistical significance and that the main effect of working memory capacity was statistically and practically significant (p < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.699). No significant interaction between picture and working memory capacity was observed. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 with a different group of learners (eighty-eight 6th graders) and different exposure frequency (eight times). The results indicated significant interaction of picture and working memory capacity, meaning that only learners with high working memory capacity benefitted significantly from pictures with increasing exposure frequency, whereas those with low working memory span did not reap as much benefit. The findings have important bearings on EFL vocabulary pedagogy within the context of intentional vocabulary teaching and learning.

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted in order to explore the effects of pictures and working memory capacity on vocabulary learning of Korean children who learn English as a foreign language (EFL). In Experiment 1, one hundred and five 6th graders were assigned to two groups and were exposed four times to their corresponding experimental materials: (i) English words +meanings and (ii) English words + meanings + congruent pictures. The results showed that the main effect of picture did not reach statistical significance and that the main effect of working memory capacity was statistically and practically significant (p < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.699). No significant interaction between picture and working memory capacity was observed. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 with a different group of learners (eighty-eight 6th graders) and different exposure frequency (eight times). The results indicated significant interaction of picture and working memory capacity, meaning that only learners with high working memory capacity benefitted significantly from pictures with increasing exposure frequency, whereas those with low working memory span did not reap as much benefit. The findings have important bearings on EFL vocabulary pedagogy within the context of intentional vocabulary teaching and learning.

참고문헌 (42)

  1. Arlin, M., "The effects of pictures on rate of learning sight words : A critique of the focal attention hypothesis", Reading Research Quarterly, 14, pp.645~658 (1979)
  2. Baddeley, A. D., "The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?", Trends in cognitive sciences, 4, pp.417~423 (2000)
  3. Baddeley, A., "Working memory: Looking back and looking forward", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4, pp.829~839 (2003)
  4. Baddeley, A. D., "Working memory, In The psychology of learning and motivation Vol. 8", pp.47~89 (1974), Academic Press
  5. Boers, F., "Does pictorial elucidation foster recollection of idioms?", Language Teaching Research, 13(4), pp.367~382 (2009)
  6. Bull, B. L., "Imagery in the learning of verbal definitions", British Journal of Educational Psychology, 43, pp.289~293 (1971)
  7. Carpenter, S. K., "Are pictures good for learning new vocabulary in a foreign language? Only if you think they are not", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 38, pp.92~101 (2011)
  8. Chen, H. C., "Patterns of lexical processing in a nonnative language", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 15, pp.316~325 (1989)
  9. Sung-Mook Choi, "Explicit instruction in morphological awareness: Research-based vocabulary instruction", 영어교육연구, 18(3), pp.1~24 (2006), 팬코리아영어교육학회
  10. Choi, Sung-Mook, "How Derivational Prefix Instruction Impacts Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition and Reading Comprehension", 영어어문교육, 13(3), pp.1~22 (2007), 한국영어어문교육학회
  11. Chun, E., "The effect of extensive reading and paired-associate learning on long-term vocabulary retention : An event-related potential study", Neuroscience Letters, 521, pp.125~129 (2012)
  12. Chun, D. M., "Effects of multimedia annotations on vocabulary acquisition", The Modern Language Journal, 80(2), pp.183~198 (1996)
  13. Coady, J., "L2 vocabulary acquisition through extensive reading, In Second language vocabulary acquisition", pp.225~237 (1997), CambridgeUniversity Press
  14. Coady, J., "Second language vocabulary acquisition: A rationale for pedagogy" (1997), Cambridge University Press
  15. Cohen, J., "Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences" (1988), Erlbaum
  16. Didden, R., "The blocking effect of pictorial prompts on sight word reading", Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33(3), pp.317~320 (2000)
  17. Gathercole, S. E., "Phonological working memory: A critical building block for reading development and vocabulary acquisition?", European Journal of Psychology of Education, 8(3), pp.259~272 (1993)
  18. Gathercole, S. E., "Phonological short-term memory and vocabulary development: further evidence on the nature of the relationship", Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, pp.65~77 (1999)
  19. Hinkel, E., "Current perspectives on teaching the four skills", TESOL Quarterly, 40(1), pp.109~131 (2006)
  20. 홍성희, "The Effects of English Mediated Lectures on Content Learning and Vocabulary Acquisition", 언어과학, 19(3), pp.131~148 (2012), 한국언어과학회[DOI]
  21. Hulstijn, J., "International and incidental second language vocabulary learning: A reappraisal of elaboration, rehearsal and automaticity, In Cognition and second language instruction", pp.258~287 (2001), Cambridge University Press
  22. Juffs, A., "Working memory, second language acquisition and low educated second language and literacy learners, In Low educated adult second language and literacy learner", pp.89~105 (2006), LOT
  23. Kaushanskaya, M., "The relationship between vocabulary and short-term memory measures in monolingual and bilingual speakers", International Journal of Bilingualism, 15(4), pp.408~425 (2011)
  24. Kost, C. R., "Textual and pictorial glosses: effectiveness on incidental vocabulary growth when reading in a foreign language", Foreign Language Annals, 32(1), pp.89~97 (1999)
  25. Krashen, S., "The input hypothesis: issues and implications" (1985), Longman
  26. Kurvers, J., "Memory, second language reading, and lexicon: A comparison between successful and less successful adults and children", Low-Educated Adult Second Language and Literacy Acquisition: Proceedings of Symposium, pp.65~80 (2007), Literacy Institute at Virginia Commonwealth University
  27. Lotto, L., "Effects of learning method and word type on acquiring vocabulary in an unfamiliar language", Language Learning, 48, pp.31~69 (1998)
  28. Mayer, R. E., "Multimedia learning: Are we asking the right questions?", Educational Psychologist, 32, pp.1~19 (1997)
  29. Nagy, W. E., "Learning word meanings from context during normal reading", American Educational Research Journal, 24(2), pp.237~270 (1987)
  30. Nakagawa, S., "Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: A practical guide for biologists", Biological Review, 82, pp.591~605 (2007)
  31. Nation, P., "Teaching and learning vocabulary, In Handbook of research on second language teaching & learning", pp.581~596 (2005), Lawrence Erlbaum
  32. Paivio, A., "Mental representations: A dual coding approach" (1986), Oxford University Press
  33. 박향숙, "The Role of Forced Output and Working Memory Capacity in Vocabulary Acquisition", 영어교육연구, 23(4), pp.121~139 (2012), 팬코리아영어교육학회
  34. Sadoski, M., "A dual coding view of vocabulary learning", Reading & Writing Quarterly, 21, pp.221~238 (2005)
  35. Samuels, S. J., "Effects of pictures on learning to read, comprehension, and attitudes", Review of Educational Research, 40, pp.397~407 (1970)
  36. Seghayer, K. A., "The effect of multimedia annotation modes on L2 vocabulary acquisition : A comparative study", Language Learning & Technology, 5(1), pp.202~232 (2001)
  37. Smith, B. D., "The effect of imagery instruction on vocabulary development", Journal of College Reading & Learning, 20, pp.131~137 (1987)
  38. Solman, R. T., "Pictures block the learning of sight words", Educational Psychology, 12(2), pp.143~153 (1992)
  39. Szczepaniak, R., "The role of imagery in dictionaries of idioms", Applied Linguistics, 32(3), pp.323~347 (2011)
  40. Webb, S., "Receptive and productive vocabulary learning : The effects of reading and writing on word knowledge", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27, pp.33~52 (2005)
  41. Wu, H. M., "Effective use of pictures as extra stimulus prompts", British Journal of Educational Psychology, 63, pp.144~160 (1993)
  42. Yeh, Y., "Effects of multimedia vocabulary annotations and learning styles on vocabulary learning", CALICO Journal, 21, pp.131~144 (2003)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (12건)