On the Verb Phrase of Evaluatives with Propositional Verbs in English
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Evaluatives are predicative nouns or adjectives that, as complement of a propositional verb, form a verb phrase with the verb and its surface object (e.g. consider him a fool). Despite lack of convincing evidence, it has been widely posited in the mainstream of generative grammar that the complement forms a small clause with the object. This paper argues against the small clause hypothesis and develops a treatment of the complement with the verb as a grammatical and semantic unit, which was once favoured in Chomsky (1975[1955]). It supports this complex predicate treatment by referring to -ing nominals (e.g. the finding guilty of Mr. Hamza) and -ed adjectivals (e.g. the believed-dead Henry). It also proposes an analysis of the unit as a construction that is held in the lexicon as a template with the constructional meaning of direct statement and is fused with a propositional verb and an evaluative noun or adjective therein.
Abstract
Evaluatives are predicative nouns or adjectives that, as complement of a propositional verb, form a verb phrase with the verb and its surface object (e.g. consider him a fool). Despite lack of convincing evidence, it has been widely posited in the mainstream of generative grammar that the complement forms a small clause with the object. This paper argues against the small clause hypothesis and develops a treatment of the complement with the verb as a grammatical and semantic unit, which was once favoured in Chomsky (1975[1955]). It supports this complex predicate treatment by referring to -ing nominals (e.g. the finding guilty of Mr. Hamza) and -ed adjectivals (e.g. the believed-dead Henry). It also proposes an analysis of the unit as a construction that is held in the lexicon as a template with the constructional meaning of direct statement and is fused with a propositional verb and an evaluative noun or adjective therein.
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