존 키츠의 「그리스 항아리에 부치는 송시」―그리스 항아리의 진실, 그리고 그 이면
John Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn”: The Truth of the Grecian Urn and Beyond
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This paper will examine the negative poetic fiction in John Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn” by analyzing the theory of Jacques Lacan’s object a. This focuses on the fictional nature of an idealized object. Keats longs for an idealized and perfect world without suffering, but he recognizes it is nothing but a fantasy and a fiction. He knows that nature is no longer construed as a mediator of the transcendental, but as a constant reminder of life’s mutability and mortality. This negative poetic fiction is Keats’s strategy to embrace tragedy through a series of negating images. It is used to disclose the fictional nature of an idealized object and the horror of a mundane reality. In “Ode on a Grecian Urn”, Keats elevates the disused utensil, a grecian urn, to a sublime object of artistic worth. What is important here is that object a is not the object itself but functions as the thing masking what it lacks. An idealized urn conceals the truth that it is nothing but an urn possessing the remains of an agitated, changeable, and ultimately failed human being. Desiring subject constantly seeks something nearly impossible to obtain, the urn, but in the end fails to grasp it. This is because desire is always a desire for something missed. In spite of this impossibility, fantasy can be a means of realizing a subject’s desire. Usually fantasy is considered a means to bring about a subject’s desire even if it is based on an illusion. A subject must realize that such a thing is merely fantasy because subjectification takes place only after the fact.
Abstract
This paper will examine the negative poetic fiction in John Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn” by analyzing the theory of Jacques Lacan’s object a. This focuses on the fictional nature of an idealized object. Keats longs for an idealized and perfect world without suffering, but he recognizes it is nothing but a fantasy and a fiction. He knows that nature is no longer construed as a mediator of the transcendental, but as a constant reminder of life’s mutability and mortality. This negative poetic fiction is Keats’s strategy to embrace tragedy through a series of negating images. It is used to disclose the fictional nature of an idealized object and the horror of a mundane reality. In “Ode on a Grecian Urn”, Keats elevates the disused utensil, a grecian urn, to a sublime object of artistic worth. What is important here is that object a is not the object itself but functions as the thing masking what it lacks. An idealized urn conceals the truth that it is nothing but an urn possessing the remains of an agitated, changeable, and ultimately failed human being. Desiring subject constantly seeks something nearly impossible to obtain, the urn, but in the end fails to grasp it. This is because desire is always a desire for something missed. In spite of this impossibility, fantasy can be a means of realizing a subject’s desire. Usually fantasy is considered a means to bring about a subject’s desire even if it is based on an illusion. A subject must realize that such a thing is merely fantasy because subjectification takes place only after the fact.
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