영어 동사 보충절에서 to, for, that의 생략 여부에 따른 도상성
Iconicity in the Omission of to, for and that in Verb Complement Clauses in English
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Cognitive-functional grammarians hold the view that meaning and form in a language are closely related to each other and a difference in form leads to a difference in function and meaning. From this perspective, this paper argues that there are semantic and pragmatic differences between minimal pair sentences that result from the omission or retain of to, for and that in the verb complement clauses in English. Especially based on Haiman’s (1983, 1985) iconicity of distance, it is shown that the closer the main verb is to the complement clause in linguistic distance, the greater and the more direct the verb’s effect on the complement clause is. On empirical grounds, we then claim that there are meaning differences between the minimal pair sentences in terms of directness and indirectness: the sentences where to, for or that is omitted represent more direct influence or control of the matrix verb or subject over the complement clauses than ones that retain to, for or that. In addition, efforts were made to justify this iconicity-based analysis by resorting to the intuition of native speakers of English, who answered the specially designed questionnaire dealing with the semantic and pragmatic differences between the minimal pair sentences at issue.
Abstract
Cognitive-functional grammarians hold the view that meaning and form in a language are closely related to each other and a difference in form leads to a difference in function and meaning. From this perspective, this paper argues that there are semantic and pragmatic differences between minimal pair sentences that result from the omission or retain of to, for and that in the verb complement clauses in English. Especially based on Haiman’s (1983, 1985) iconicity of distance, it is shown that the closer the main verb is to the complement clause in linguistic distance, the greater and the more direct the verb’s effect on the complement clause is. On empirical grounds, we then claim that there are meaning differences between the minimal pair sentences in terms of directness and indirectness: the sentences where to, for or that is omitted represent more direct influence or control of the matrix verb or subject over the complement clauses than ones that retain to, for or that. In addition, efforts were made to justify this iconicity-based analysis by resorting to the intuition of native speakers of English, who answered the specially designed questionnaire dealing with the semantic and pragmatic differences between the minimal pair sentences at issue.
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