카즈오 이시구로의 『하루의 잔여』에서 본 집사 계급과 영국성
The Butler’s Class and Englishness in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day
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This essay analyzes Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day with a focus on Stevens’s class as a butler. The critical tendency to read Stevens as British imperial or totalitarian subject in general is limited in understanding workings of class/nationalist ideologies in early twentieth-century Britain. Stevens’s conception of the English butler’s dignity as well as the superior beauty of English landscape indicates the lingering hegemony of the landed aristocracy. Both his critical view on success-driven butlers and his loyalty to Lord Darlington illustrate the course of modern British history in which the traditional class hierarchy peculiar to Britain has successfully absorbed the dynamism of capitalist social relations. To let British subjects observe the time-honored social order in the midst of rapid social change, the nationalist ideology requires them to internalize the rigid class bounds and at the same time to identify with the national whole. Ishiguro’s novel depicts how this historical project of Britain unfolds in a single butler’s daily life. The project’s dilemma emerges when Stevens enjoys the illusion of accessing affairs of national and global importance that occur at Darlington Hall while his full access is guaranteed only on the condition of his complete commodification. The illusion also entails his own nationalistic fetishization of what lies under his direct control as a butler. Reading Stevens’s class position and consciousness helps to better understand the butler’s professional and class characteristics as well as the social order he eagerly protects.
Abstract
This essay analyzes Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day with a focus on Stevens’s class as a butler. The critical tendency to read Stevens as British imperial or totalitarian subject in general is limited in understanding workings of class/nationalist ideologies in early twentieth-century Britain. Stevens’s conception of the English butler’s dignity as well as the superior beauty of English landscape indicates the lingering hegemony of the landed aristocracy. Both his critical view on success-driven butlers and his loyalty to Lord Darlington illustrate the course of modern British history in which the traditional class hierarchy peculiar to Britain has successfully absorbed the dynamism of capitalist social relations. To let British subjects observe the time-honored social order in the midst of rapid social change, the nationalist ideology requires them to internalize the rigid class bounds and at the same time to identify with the national whole. Ishiguro’s novel depicts how this historical project of Britain unfolds in a single butler’s daily life. The project’s dilemma emerges when Stevens enjoys the illusion of accessing affairs of national and global importance that occur at Darlington Hall while his full access is guaranteed only on the condition of his complete commodification. The illusion also entails his own nationalistic fetishization of what lies under his direct control as a butler. Reading Stevens’s class position and consciousness helps to better understand the butler’s professional and class characteristics as well as the social order he eagerly protects.
참고문헌 (21)
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