아동의 기질, 어머니의 정서적 특성과아동의 어머니에 대한 표상이 아동의 문제행동에 미치는 영향
Effects on Behavioral Problems in Children of the Child's Temperament, the Mother's Emotional Characteristics, and the Child's Mental Representation of the Mother
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이 연구에서는 아동의 기질이 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 아동의 어머니에 대한 표상의 매개 효과와 어머니의 정서적 특성의 조절 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 1-3학년 아동과 그 어머니 862명으로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 아동은 어머니에 대한 표상 질문지, 어머니는 아동의 기질과 문제행동, 어머니의 부적응적 정서조절방략과 공감 질문지를 작성하였다. 구조방정식모형 분석을 통해 모형을 검증하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동의 자극추구 성향이 높을수록, 어머니가 부적응적 정서조절방략을 많이 사용할수록 아동의 내재화와 외현화 문제행동이 많이 나타나고, 아동의 위험회피 성향이 높을수록 내재화 문제행동이 많이 나타나는 직접 효과가 유의하였으며, 이 과정에서 성차가 나타났다. 둘째, 아동의 자극추구 기질은 어머니에 대한 표상을 통해 외현화 문제행동을 증가시키며, 어머니의 부적응적 정서조절방략과 공감은 어머니에 대한 표상을 통해 아동의 외현화 문제행동을 감소시키는 간접효과가 유의하였으며, 이 과정에서 성차가 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니가 부적응적 정서조절방략을 많이 사용할수록 아동의 자극추구 성향이 상승하면 외현화 문제행동이, 아동의 위험회피 성향이 상승하면 내재화 문제 행동이 더 많이 증가하는 조절효과가 유의하였다. 이와 같은 결과의 의의와 한계를 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study examines the mediating effects of the child's mental representation of the mother and the moderating effects of the mother's emotional characteristics on the relationship between the child’s temperament and behavioral problems in children. Participants were 862 elementary students (grades 1–3) and their mothers. All of the children completed a questionnaire assessing the mental representation of their mothers (NRI). In addition, the mothers completed a questionnaire about the child's temperament (K-JTCI), behavioral problems (K-CBCL), maternal maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (ERSQ), and empathy (PEI). Structural equation modeling showed that direct effects of the child’s temperament and the mother's emotional characteristics were significant. High scores for the child in novelty seeking and high scores for the mother on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were positively associated with internalizing and externalizing problems. The child’s score on harm avoidance was positively associated with internalizing problems. There were gender differences in internalizing problems. The indirect effects of the child’s temperament and the mother's emotional characteristics were also significant. Novelty-seeking temperament in the child had positive effects on the externalizing problems through the child's negative mental representation of the mother. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and empathy in the mother had negative effects on externalizing problems through the child's positive mental representation of the mother. There were gender differences in the mental representation of the mother. The moderating effects of the mother’s emotional characteristics were significant. Children with high novelty-seeking scores showed more externalizing problems while children with high harm avoidance scores showed more internalizing problems when their mothers scored high on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. With reference to these findings, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
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