『동의보감』과 天台醫學의 상관성 연구 ─『동의보감』 內景編과 『마하지관』의 病患境을 중심으로

Abstract

The Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑) played a central role in curing people during two Japanese Invasions of Korea in the middle Joseon Dynasty and became the most representative medical book. It is said that the background ideas of the Donguibogam were influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. This study deals with the relation between Buddhism, (especially Tien‐tai medicine and the Donguibogam) and compares the causes of illness and the ideas of curing illness. The study mainly examines “the part of Naekyung(內景篇)” of the Donguibogam written by Heo Jun(許浚), and “the Causes and Cures of Illness(病患境: one of ten objects of meditation)” of the Mohe‐Zhiguan(摩何止觀) based on Tien‐tai thought. The Donguibogam classifies the human body into the interior and outside body and describes that the internal organs are of the interior body and the bones, tendons, and skin are of the outside body are connected to the essence, energy, and mind; consequently, they have a direct influence on the causes and cures of illness. The essence, energy and mind are to the Four Elements of Buddhism. Many Buddhist books explain that the four elements of Buddhism are the fundamental elements that compose all things in the world and significant elements in the creation of the human body, so the interaction of the elements is a reason for the mental and physical illnesses that pain. According to Master Tien‐tai(537-597), the Four Elements that organize the human mind and body have a close relation with internal organs; as a result, changes of mind and body result in disease outbreaks and have an effect on the treatment of illness. Regarding the diagnosis and treatment of causes and conditions of diseases, “the part of Naekyung(內景篇)” of the Donguibogam explains Taesikbup(胎息法: a breathing method like a fetus in a womb), “Energy Breathing(氣呼吸)” and the causes and conditions of Diseases of the Five Internal Organs, citing “the Causes and Cures of Illness(病患境)” of the Mohe‐Zhiguan, a book about samatha‐vipasyana of Tien‐tai. In terms of mental and physical illness, both the Donguibogam and the Mohe‐Zhiguan refer to particular contents of the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(黄帝内经), a book of Chinese medicine. Tien‐tai considers mental and physical illness as one of illness incurred during the practice of Buddhism and cures them through practice; meanwhile, the Donguibogam aims to cure mental and physical illness through health care.