신라불교에서의 혜원 수용 양상―『대승의장』을 중심으로

Abstract

The development of Silla Buddhism was made possible through the importation of various Chinese Buddhist theories. On account of this fact, it is necessary to categorize the significance of the importation of Chinese Buddhism to correctly understand Silla Buddhism. To this end, this paper examines the Dashengyizhang 大乘義章, written by Huiyuan 慧遠 of the later Dilun school, and discusses its acceptance and interpretation in Silla Buddhism. This is a task essential to studying not only the influence of Huiyuan in Silla buddhism, but also the unique characteristics of Silla Buddhism within the global context of East Asian Buddhism. Huiyuan's seven works are confirmed to have circulated during the Silla period. Although there were detractors such as Gyeongheung 憬興, most of his works were readily accepted in a positive light. In the case of Dashengyizhang, Wonhyo 元曉, Pyowon 表員 and Dullyun 遁倫 all affirmatively adopted the theories found in the work. Although Wonhyo does not specify the name of Huiyuan or Dashengyizhang, he nevertheless makes use of many theories found in the work. However, Wonhyo has a different explanation than Huiyan on the main theme of Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra and also shows a more developed doctrinal taxonomy. This implies that Wonhyo developed his own theory atop an assimilation of Huiyuan's thought. While the Hwaeomgyeong mun-ui yogyeol mundap 華嚴經文義要決問答 by Pyowon of the Hwaeom 華嚴 school is based on Fazang's Huayan thought, it also actively cites Dashengyizhang about 25 times. Among these citations, some cases do not correspond to orthodox Huayan thought. This can be understood from the perspective of new Hwaom doctrines coming into being through the syncretic combination of Huayan and Dilun thought. Dullyun's Yugarongi 瑜伽論記 of the Faxiang school 法相宗 cites Dashengyizhang about 6 times as a supplementary material to Yuqieshidilun 瑜伽師地論. This proves that Dullyun regarded Huiyuan as a Yogacāra master. To summarize, the Dashengyizhang was highly influential to Silla Buddhist scholars such as Wonhyo, Pyowon, and Dullyun. However, it is clear that there was a parallel movement by these scholars to forge their own novel doctrinal path upon the foundation provided by the adoption of the Dashengyizhang. This is an example of the unique characteristics of Silla Buddhism within the global context of East Asian Buddhism.