고행주의적 힌두 수행전통과 음식의 관계

Abstract

Asceticism has a method of practice that pushes body and mind to an extreme situation. Therefore, it employs radical light eating or fasting. But after having accepted asceticism, yoga sublimated it and has strived for self-transcendence. Among yoga traditions, the Haṭha Yoga System is the true key principle of asceticism, ‘generation of heat’. This yoga has some specific regulations of food and ways of eating, because it makes use of the body as an important instrument for practices. Svara Yoga developed eating methods of Haṭha Yoga partially. This paper deals with the methods for eating of these two yoga systems. Haṭha Yoga recommends mitāhāra, basically. Specifically, its contents is that the stomach(100%) is filled with food(50%), water(25%), and air(25%). The amount of food here is smaller than that suggested by Āyurveda, modern healthcare, and medical fields. It harasses one’s body to eat once a day and to fast, and so on; therefore, one should avoid these acts. One has to eat at noon and in the evening and have inter-meal intervals over three hours. Also,a person should be delighted with and enjoy meals on account of God(Śiva) dwelling in his body. Haṭha Yoga and Svara Yoga share the regulation that one should eat at the time when piṅgalānāḍī flows. But Svara Yoga develops this point more concretely as follows: according to the flow of each nāḍī, there are regulations about what kind of food to be avoided or to be taken. When piṅgalā flows, one should eat sweet, milky, cold-natured food, and when iḍā flows, one should take spicy foods and vegetables. If eating by the opposite of this rule, one will get sick. This is based on the principle to balance the body by taking opposite-natured foods to the nature of the flowing nāḍīs.