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영유아 양육자를 위한 6요인 양육태도척도의 개발 및 타당화 연구

Development and Validation of a Six-Factor Parenting Attitudes Scale for Caregivers of Pre-School Children

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초록

본 연구는 취학 전 영유아 자녀의 양육자를 대상으로 양육태도척도를 개발 및 타당화하고자 하였다. 자기결정성 이론(Self-determination theory)의 기본심리욕구 이론에 기반하여 자율성, 유능감, 관계성에 대한 자녀의 욕구를 지지하거나 좌절시키는 6가지 양육태도를 자율성 지지, 통제, 구조, 비일관성, 온정, 거부의 하위요인으로 구성하였다. 관련 이론 및 선행연구를 검토하여 79개 초기문항을 개발하고 내용타당도 검증 및 파일럿 테스트를 거쳐 63개의 예비문항을 선정하였다. 예비조사에서 영유아 자녀의 어머니 592명을 대상으로 예비문항에 대한 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였고 6개 하위요인 구조를 확인하고 최종 30문항을 확정하였으며, 본조사에서는 영유아 자녀의 어머니 549명을 대상으로 최종문항에 대한 확인적 요인분석과 관련 척도와의 준거타당도 검증을 실시하고 Cronbach’s α를 통한 신뢰도를 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 6요인 양육태도척도의 신뢰도와 타당도는 양호한 수준으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 자기결정성 이론을 근거로 합리적-경험적 방식으로 영유아 자녀의 양육자를 위한 양육태도척도를 개발하였으며, 영유아의 발달과 적응을 지원하기 위한 목적에서 임상 및 교육 장면에서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되는 동시에 양육태도의 구조와 구체적 기제를 설명하기 위한 후속 연구를 지원할 수 있음에 연구 의의를 가진다.

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and validate a Six-Factor Parenting Attitudes Scale for preschool caregivers. Based on the self-determination theory (SDT), six parenting attitudes that support or frustrate children's needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness were organized into six subfactors of autonomy support, control, structure, inconsistency, warmth, and rejection. After reviewing relevant theories and previous studies, 79 initial items were developed and 63 preliminary items were selected. Exploratory factor analysis was used involving 592 mothers of pre-school children, resulting in 30 items selected for six factors. To validate this scale, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis of 549 mothers. The results showed that the Six-Factor Parenting Attitudes Scale is a reliable and valid measure of parent-reported parenting attitudes. This study developed a scale in a rational-empirical manner based on the self-determination theory, which would be useful in clinical and educational settings to support the development and adjustment of young children.

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