초등학교 1,2학년 아동의 수 감각 정확도와 심적 표상: 수직선 추정 과제를 중심으로
Examining first and second graders’ number sense acuity and their mental representation using a numberline estimation task
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수 감각은 수를 읽고 수가 나타내는 크기와 관계를 이해하는 것으로 수학 학습의 근간이 되는 능력이다. 본 연구에서는 수직선 추정 과제를 통하여 초등학교 1학년(n= 47)과 2학년(n= 34) 학생의 수 감각 정확도, 심적 표상, 문제풀이해결전략을 분석하였다. 1학년 학생은 0-100 수직선 추정 과제를, 2학년 학생은 0-100, 0-1000 수직선 추정 과제를 완성하였다. 연구 결과 2학년은 1학년보다 주어진 숫자가 나타내는 수의 크기를 수직선에 더 정확하게 표시하였다. 또한 2학년은 1학년보다 기준점(예: 중간지점)을 활용하는 전략을 수직선 추정 과제에 더 많이 사용하였다. 마지막으로 1,2학년 모두 선형 모델이 로그형 모델보다 0-100, 0-1000사이의 숫자를 수직선 상에 표상한 결과의 패턴을 더 잘 설명하였다. 정리하면, 학년이 높을수록 수 감각 정확도와 사용하는 전략이 정교해지고 심적 표상의 선형성이 뚜렷해짐을 보여준다. 아울러 본 연구에서 확인된 높은 수 감각 정확도와 선형성은, 십진법 체계를 잘 나타내는 한국어 숫자표현의 이점을 반영한 결과로도 해석할 수 있겠다.
Abstract
Number sense refers to the ability to read numbers and understand numerical magnitudes and their relations, and is a foundational skill for math learning. This study examined 1st (n=47) and 2nd (n=34) graders’ number sense acuity and their mental representation and problem-solving strategies using a numberline estimation (NLE) task. First graders completed the 0-100 NLE task and 2nd graders completed both the 0-100 and 0-1000 NLE tasks. Results showed that 2nd graders are more precise when representing numbers on the numberline than 1st graders. Additionally, 2nd graders applied more benchmark-based strategies (e.g., midpoint) in the NLE task than 1st graders. Finally, a linear model was found to be more suited for depicting the patterns of 1st and 2nd graders’ numerical estimates in the 0-100 and 0-1000 NLE tasks than a logarithmic one. Taken together, these findings suggest that as students grow older, their number sense and problem-solving strategies tend to be increasingly articulate and that the linearity of their mental representation becomes more obvious. Moreover, the high precision and linearity of numerical estimates in the current study can be interpreted as reflecting a positive influence of the transparency of the base-ten number structure in the Korean language.
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