사회적 지지, 기본 심리 욕구, 삶의 만족도의 관계:누구로부터의 지지가 중요한가?
Social Support, Basic Psychological Needs, and Life Satisfaction: Whose Support Matters?
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본 연구는 청·장년 및 노인을 대상으로 관계 유형별 사회적 지지가 기본 심리 욕구의 충족을 매개로 삶의 만족도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 이러한 관계는 연령 집단에 따라 차이를 보이는지 검증하였다. 이를 위해 30대-60대의 성인을 연령대에 따른 균등표집을 통해 807명(M=48.81세, 남성 50.4%)을 대상으로 배우자, 친구, 자녀 및 부모로부터의 사회적 지지, 기본 심리 욕구의 충족, 삶의 만족도를 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 배우자와 친구의 사회적 지지가 삶의 만족도와 높은 정적 관계를 보였다. 배우자의 지지는 자율성, 유능성, 관계성과 정적 관계를 보인 반면, 친구의 지지는 유능성 및 관계성과 정적 관계를 보였다. 기본 심리 욕구 중 유능성과 관계성이 삶의 만족도와 정적 관계를 보였고, 배우자와 친구의 사회적 지지와 삶의 만족도 간의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 관계는 연령 집단에 따라 차이를 보였으며 청·장년층에서 노인에 비해 배우자와 친구 지지, 유능성과 관계성의 충족, 삶의 만족도 간의 관련성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 초 고령자를 포함하지 못한 한계가 있으나 다양한 연령 집단에 따라 관계 유형별 사회적 지지가 기본 심리 욕구의 충족을 매개로 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 후속 연구에서는 보다 다양한 사회적 관계를 고려하고 상호작용의 빈도와 정서적 강도에 초점을 맞출 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The present study investigated the associations between relationship-specific social support, basic psychological needs, and life satisfaction, and whether these associations differ by varying age groups. Participants of 807 adults, aged between 30 and 69 years (Mage=48.81, male=50.4%), reported their social support from spouses, friends, children, and parents, satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), and life satisfaction in 2021 year. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that social support from spouses and friends was positively associated with the levels of life satisfaction. While spousal support was linked to the satisfaction of all needs, friend support was positively linked to the satisfaction of competence and relatedness, and parental support was negatively linked to the satisfaction of autonomy. Moreover, the satisfaction of competence and relatedness were positively associated with life satisfaction, and they mediated the associations between spousal and friend support and life satisfaction. These associations varied by age groups, such that the magnitudes of the associations between relationship-specific social support, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and life satisfaction were greater for younger adults than for older adults.
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