“Since you are dear bought, I will love you dear”: Incomplete Bond of Love and Wealth in The Merchant of Venice
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In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare projects late Elizabethan England into two worlds: exotic but realistic Venice as the center of commerce like London; and ideal and romantic Belmont, vaguely presented as the estate of excessively affluent landed gentry. The economic and moral principles of the two worlds are just as parallel as opposite, and the play shows a complex movement of wealth and people between the two realms. The economic contract between Shylock and Antonio in Venice makes possible the moral contract accompanying the economic settlement between Bassanio and Portia. Bassanio’s hazardous selection of the lead casket is a philosophized and inverted image of Antonio’s high-risk overseas trade. Jessica’s and Lorenzo’s love affair, a more mercenary variation on the union in Belmont based on Shylock’s wealth, exacerbates the economic conflict in Venice and serves to call Portia back to Venice to face the challenge from the city. Portia’s trial exposes the institutional flaws of a commercial Venice, but it only partially succeeds in changing the economic spirit of the city. The new Belmont has characters with suspicious moral principles and Venetian wealth is essential to the final “harmony,” which shows Shakespeare’s incomplete negotiation of the historical reality.
Abstract
In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare projects late Elizabethan England into two worlds: exotic but realistic Venice as the center of commerce like London; and ideal and romantic Belmont, vaguely presented as the estate of excessively affluent landed gentry. The economic and moral principles of the two worlds are just as parallel as opposite, and the play shows a complex movement of wealth and people between the two realms. The economic contract between Shylock and Antonio in Venice makes possible the moral contract accompanying the economic settlement between Bassanio and Portia. Bassanio’s hazardous selection of the lead casket is a philosophized and inverted image of Antonio’s high-risk overseas trade. Jessica’s and Lorenzo’s love affair, a more mercenary variation on the union in Belmont based on Shylock’s wealth, exacerbates the economic conflict in Venice and serves to call Portia back to Venice to face the challenge from the city. Portia’s trial exposes the institutional flaws of a commercial Venice, but it only partially succeeds in changing the economic spirit of the city. The new Belmont has characters with suspicious moral principles and Venetian wealth is essential to the final “harmony,” which shows Shakespeare’s incomplete negotiation of the historical reality.
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