보조지눌의 ‘무자화두십종병’과 청허휴정의 ‘간화십종병’의 항목 배치 비교

Abstract

This paper compared and examined the arrangement of items in Pojo Chinul’s Ten Diseases of Mucha hwadu (無字話頭十種病) and Ch’ŏnghŏ Hyujŏng’s Ten Diseases of Kanhwa (看話十種病). The Ten Diseases of Kanhwa, represented by illnesses that can occur during hwadu exploration, originated from the hwadu exploration method sporadically presented in Dahui Zonggao’s Shuzuang (書狀), and Pojo Chinul compiled the same or similar items into ten categories. Chinul was followed by his disciples Chin’gak Hyesim, Ch’ŏnghŏ Hyujŏng and Paekp’a Kŭngsŏn of Chosŏn, Chinhŏ P’algwan, and Yongsŏng Chinjong. The order of the Ten Diseases of Kanhwa presented in Ch’ŏnghŏ Hyujŏng’s Sŏnga kwigam (禪家龜鑑) is different from that found in other records. Therefore, it is possible that the order of arrangement was connected with the level of maturity in kanhwa Sŏn’s hwadu ch’amgu practice. As a result, starting from the harsh pain of counting where one discerns righteousness and morality as “having mind” (有心), it is the place where you can move your eyebrows and blink your eyes with “no mind” (無心), find a way to live in the way of “words” (言語), or use letters to discuss a topic and prove one’s point of view. Trying to notice right away, being confined in the boundary where nothing happens as a “silent silence” (寂默), understanding that there is nothing, “nothing nothing,” or a certain way, and waiting for enlightenment while being delusional are possible. Therefore, the Ten Diseases of Kanhwa of Ch’ŏnghŏ Hyujŏng can be seen as reflecting the degree of maturity according to the journey of studying the hwadu, which progresses from coarseness to “having mind” (有心), “no mind” (無心), “words” (言語) and ‘”silent silence” (寂默). Therefore, it would be most appropriate to name the order of the Ten Diseases of Sŏn (十種禪病) presented in Pojo Chinul’s Kanhwa kyŏrŭi ron (看話決疑論) as the “Ten Diseases of Mucha hwadu” (無字話頭十種病), and the order of the Ten Diseases of Sŏn (十種禪病) presented in Ch’ŏnghŏ Hyujŏng’s Sŏnga kwigam, as the “Ten Diseases of Kanhwa”, because these orders of presentation are related to the level of maturity of the hwadu ch’amgu in Korean literature.