The Widows of 1 Tim. 5:3-16 and Women’s Leadership in the Early Church
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1 Tim. 5:3-16 is the longest one among the passages related to the widows in the New Testament. Traditionally, widows have been the recipients of charity as they cannot get support or protection of men. As in the Old Testament in which widows were always mentioned with the strangers and orphans, they were regarded as needing cares of community. However, not every widow in the early Christian community was economically disadvantaged. There were many widows among the women who demonstrated their leadership in taking charge of house churches together with men. These early women’s image―that of carrying out the office of Discipleship of Equals―disappears as the institutionalization of churches progresses. The important issue in the passage of 1 Tim. 5:3-16 is whether ‘widows’ were a specific group in charge of particular duties or functions in Christian communities, that is, if they were responsible for certain offices. The majority of early church documents demonstrate that there was the order of widows in the early church. It is revealed that they prayed, taught young widows, showed hospitality, and performed the duties similar to those of bishops and deacons. But the author of the Pastoral Epistles, when describing the widows in 1 Tim. 5:3-16, shows the intention of reducing the influence of the widows by limiting the age to 60 and thus restricting their numbers, unlike the requirements for the qualification of bishops and deacons. Furthermore, he also reveals his intention of making their duties less visible by restricting their ministry to the image of praying day and night incessantly. Thus the dynamic and independent official ministriies reduce to the roles at home as seen in the passage of ‘true widow’.
Abstract
1 Tim. 5:3-16 is the longest one among the passages related to the widows in the New Testament. Traditionally, widows have been the recipients of charity as they cannot get support or protection of men. As in the Old Testament in which widows were always mentioned with the strangers and orphans, they were regarded as needing cares of community. However, not every widow in the early Christian community was economically disadvantaged. There were many widows among the women who demonstrated their leadership in taking charge of house churches together with men. These early women’s image―that of carrying out the office of Discipleship of Equals―disappears as the institutionalization of churches progresses. The important issue in the passage of 1 Tim. 5:3-16 is whether ‘widows’ were a specific group in charge of particular duties or functions in Christian communities, that is, if they were responsible for certain offices. The majority of early church documents demonstrate that there was the order of widows in the early church. It is revealed that they prayed, taught young widows, showed hospitality, and performed the duties similar to those of bishops and deacons. But the author of the Pastoral Epistles, when describing the widows in 1 Tim. 5:3-16, shows the intention of reducing the influence of the widows by limiting the age to 60 and thus restricting their numbers, unlike the requirements for the qualification of bishops and deacons. Furthermore, he also reveals his intention of making their duties less visible by restricting their ministry to the image of praying day and night incessantly. Thus the dynamic and independent official ministriies reduce to the roles at home as seen in the passage of ‘true widow’.
참고문헌 (35)
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