조병화의 후기 시에 나타난 고향의식 연구 ― 제 45시집 『그리운 사람이 있다는 것은』을 중심으로

Abstract

This study focuses on the attitude toward death and destiny of existence filled by ‘home cognition’ emphasizing the return to the home in Cho, Byung-hwa's latter period. His cognition of ‘a gaze at death and destiny’ has a unique characteristic across the Korean modern-style history of poetry about the home cognition. Before, the home cognition in Korean modern-style poems has dominantly related to the space cognition of desire for rural districts or rise above the world. The cognition was presented in the desperate poetic way with desire for recovery of their home, which is for making their national consciousness independent in the era of loss. From the view of the overall history of poetry, the home cognition in Cho, Byung-hwa's latter poems deserves to take notice in that his poems have consciousness of ‘a gaze at death and destiny of existence.’In general, a poet’s creative sprit comes from his origin. The individual origin, which is referred as ‘home’, is indeed the root of the imaginative faculty and the poet operates his home as a power plant of imagination. In this plant, the poet merges his view of the world, the poetic speculation and consciousness of existence. The explosive energy of the inspiration from the merged complex becomes the poet’s consciousness for creation. Cho, Byung-hwa tells ‘existence and solitude’ and ‘eternity and daily’ as topics across his poems from the first collection <The useless inheritance>(1949) to his 50th collection <A Silent homecoming>(2000). Across his early and middle period, almost his poems came out of a tunnel of consciousness about ‘existence and solitude’. This consciousness was mostly expressed as the form of ‘travel’ or ‘letter’. The poems of ‘existence and solitude’ turned into ‘homecoming’ in his latter period. In the ‘homecoming’ poems, a gaze at a real life is included, which is observation through ‘eternity and sprit’ of the existence from the expression of ‘loneliness and solitude’. The consciousness dreaming the homecoming in the latter poems contains an attitude to take care of ‘destiny and death’ far from ‘existence and solitude’ which he had identified with his life and his poem in the past. In other hand, his home cognition comes out as a result of the pursuit of the consciousness returning to his origin in the space of ‘his mother’, ‘absolute silence’ and ‘a spiritual response to destiny.’ Especially, his cognition points to the world of absolute freedom from avarice and detachment. Consequently, his home cognition takes leave of the present world and follows his destiny in the space of ‘his mother’, ‘absolute silence.’ At the same time, the cognition swims with the rule of nature through the spiritual response and dreams of opening the mental horizon returning to ‘eternity’ and ‘the origin.’