扁鵲學派의 診斷에 關한 硏究
A Study on Diagnosis of the Bianque’s School
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연구목적 : 扁鵲과 관련된 문헌자료로부터 편작학파의 맥진체계의 발전 과정과 그 영향에 대하여 밝힌다. 연구방법 : 『史記』와 『戰國策』 등의 역사책과 馬王堆漢墓醫書, 『黃帝內經』, 『脈經』, 『千金翼方』 등의 의학서적에 기록된 내용 중 편작 관련 문장을 검토하여 扁鵲學派의 맥진체계의 발전과정에 대하여 고찰한다. 연구결론 : 1. 편작학파의 맥진에 있어 ‘脈形’은 ‘겉으로 드러나는 혈관의 분포 모양’ 정보를 활용한 望診과 또한 ‘脈形’은 獨堅、獨陷 등의 모습을 觸診한 영역까지도 포함하여, 질병의 所在를 파악하는데 사용되었다. 2. 脈形에 혈관의 색으로 질병의 성질을 파악하는 脈色을 활용한 진단방법이 추가되어 望診의 체계가 만들어졌다. 3. 脈動은 기존의 脈形에서 시작된 시각적 정보에 脈搏의 개념이 추가된 개념으로 切診의 영역에 속하는 진단법이고, 질병의 소재를 파악하는데 사용되었다. 4. 脈氣는 脈搏을 추동하는 원동력으로, 정상과 비정적인 脈動 출현의 원리를 이해하고 氣血의 순행 이상에 대한 치료를 하기 위하여 사용된 개념이다. 5. 尺膚診은 上腕部 皮膚의 寒熱, 滑澁, 緩急의 상태를 종합적으로 반영하여 진단하는 방법에 속하며, 다른 진단법과 함께 사용되었던 진단법이다. 이상과 같이 논자는 편작학파의 血脈을 이용한 진단이론의 발달과정은 편작의 투시능력으로 포장된 望診 체계에서 脈搏을 살피는 切診의 단계가 추가되고, 望診과 切診을 모두 활용하는 尺膚診의 단계를 거친 것으로 생각한다.
Abstract
Objectives : Literatures related to Bianque are studied to discover the path of development and the impact of Bianque school’s pulse diagnosis system. Methods : Texts regarding Bianque were searched in history books such as Shiji and Zhanguoce, and medical texts such as the medical books of Mawangdui Han Tomb, Huangdineijng, Maijing, and Qianjinyifang to understand how the Bianque school’s pulse diagnosis system was developed. Results : 1. Bianque school’s pulse diagnosis system was used to inspect the distribution pattern of blood vessels and discover the location of the disease including the palpatation realm such as only hard or only fall. 2. The system of inspection was created when the diagnosis method that uses the color of the pulse by using the color of blood vessels was added to the diagnostic method of pulse condition. 3. Adding the concept of pulse to the visual information that derives from pulse condition becomes pulsation. This is a diagnostic method that falls under the realm of palpation, and it was used to discover the location of disease. 4. The qi of pulse is motor that induces pulse, and this concept is used in order to understand how normal and abnormal pulsations appear, and to treat the circulation disorder of qi and blood. 5. Cubit skin examination is a method that comprehensively take into account the upper arm skin’s cold and heat, slippery and roughness, and relax and tension state. This method was used together with other diagnostic methods. As described above, it seems that the diagnostic method with blood vessels used by Bianque school seems to have developed from Bianque’s special inspection ability to the stage where it uses palpation, and then to the stage of cubit skin examination which uses both palpation and inspection.
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