막스 베버와 현대 역사학 －R. H. Tawney의 『프로테스탄트 윤리와 자본주의 정신』 수용을 중심으로－
Max Weber and Contemporary Historiography －R. H. Tawney's Reception of Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism-
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영미권 학계에서 막스 베버의 『프로테스탄트 윤리와 자본주의 정신』이 각별히 주목받은 이유는 역사적 경험의 중첩 때문이다. 영국의 청교도 혁명과아메리카 식민지에서의 자본주의 발전을 탐색할 때, 자본주의 정신과 프로테스탄트 윤리의 상관관계가 분석의 핵심을 차지한다. 이러한 이유에서 영국과미국의 역사가들도 베버의 테제에 관심을 보였다. 본 연구의 목적은 베버의 사후 영국과 미국의 역사가들이 『프로테스탄트 윤리와 자본주의 정신』의 이론과 방법론 자산들을 어떻게 평가하고 받아들였는지 밝히는 데 있다. 이를 위해 여기서는 영국의 사회경제사가 R. H. 토니의대표적인 저서 『종교와 자본주의의 발흥』을 중심으로 살펴본다. 토니는 역사성의 망각, 이념형의 활용, 단순한 인과관계의 부각이라는 측면에서 베버의저작을 비판했지만, 전체적으로 볼 때 베버의 해석과 강조점은 그의 저작에결정적인 영향을 주었다.
Abstract
In Anglo-American scholarship, Max Weber's Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism has received particular attention because of the overlap of historical experiences. When exploring the Puritan revolution in England and the development of capitalism in the American colonies, the relationship between the capitalist ethos and Protestant ethics is central to the analysis. For this reason, both British and American historians have been interested in Weber's themes. The aim of this study is to shed light on how British and American historians evaluated and adopted Weber's theoretical and methodological assets. To this end, British socioeconomic historian R. H. Tawney's work Religion and the Rise of Capitalism is the focus of this study. Although Tawney criticized Weber's work in terms of its loss of historicity, use of ideal type, and emphasis on simple causality, his interpretation of Weber's work as a whole was decisive f or his own work.
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