김교신의 조선산 기독교에 대한 역사적 이해 -조선혼과 조선심을 중심으로-

Abstract

‘Christianity born in Chosun’ by Kim Kyo-shin means Christianity that came from Chosun and that was derived from Chosun. In addition, the structure that enables Christianity born in Chosun is not a point of contact between the ‘western Christianity and Chosun’, but between ‘the Bible and Chosun'. And the point where ‘the Bible and Chosun’ comes in is ‘the spirit of Chosun’ and ‘the heart of Chosun’. However, little studies have been conducted on ‘the spirit of Chosun’ and ‘the heart of Chosun’ that can guarantee the subjectivity of the Korean in the previous research. In addition, since the academic trends back then sought to understand ‘the Christianity born in Chosun’ as the Chosun style application of non-church movement in Japan, Kim Kyo-shin was not understood against the Korean background, that is, within the context of Korean history of thought. Against this backdrop, this article aims to understand ‘the Christianity born in Chosun’ within the context of Korean history of thought while seeking to identify the subjectivity of people of Chosun that enabled ‘the Christianity born in Chosun’, that is, ‘the spirit of Chosun’ and ‘the heart of Chosun’. ‘The spirit of Chosun’ and ‘the heart of Chosun’, which Kim Kyo-shin noted as a way to maintain the subjectivity of the people of Chosun were a very commonly used concept in the 1920s and 1930s, and Kim Kyo-shin borrowed the terms that were frequently used in Chosun society at the time. ‘The spirit of Chosun’ and ‘the heart of Chosun’ generally meant the inherent spirit, disposition and mentality of the people of Chosun. This concept was specifically emphasized in Korean Studies in the 1920 and 1930s and was mainly discussed within the context of the theory of cultural movement, through which Kim Kyo-shin much like other Korean students studying in Japan in the 1920s is found to have established his own ideas in the discourse of the theory of cultural movement and to have sought to put them into practice after he came back to Korea. Kim Kyo-shin was a true nationalist who was in opposition to socialism, distanced himself from political independence movement, and positioned himself in the category of the theory of cultural movement which intended to achieve the new civilization through rediscovery of Chosun and spiritual awakening thereof. This evaluation is considered an important issue that allows us to understand Kim Kyo-shin in a more comprehensive manner within the context of Korean circumstances at the time, beyond the previous linear understanding and evaluation in the discourse of non-church movement under the influence of Uchimura Ganzo.