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The Dark Angel of Fine Clothes to the Jew

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While Langston Hughes’s 1927 volume Fine Clothes to the Jew has been widely admired as one of his best works, there have been no sustained efforts to read it as a cohesive whole. This essay shows how the work coheres through the central importance of its central poem, “Angels Wings.” A careful reading shows that the poem reveals a blues theology that runs throughout the volume. By establishing the significance of blues theology to the book, this study shows how Fine Clothes to the Jew speaks to and includes the larger African-American community through a holistic theology that encompasses the profane as well as the sacred. Such a theology also signifies on and overturns a sycophantic version of double consciousness by elevating the “low-down” people of the black community. In that elevation, Hughes refuses the role of the poet as an isolated artist but writes from a communitarian aesthetic. While the blues poetry of Hughes has received considerable attention, the connection of those blues to African-American theology has been neglected and adds a new perspective to the understanding of Hughes’s poetry. That connection also suggests a parallel with Korean minjung theology and literature as an amalgamation of originary belief systems and Christianity.

Abstract

While Langston Hughes’s 1927 volume Fine Clothes to the Jew has been widely admired as one of his best works, there have been no sustained efforts to read it as a cohesive whole. This essay shows how the work coheres through the central importance of its central poem, “Angels Wings.” A careful reading shows that the poem reveals a blues theology that runs throughout the volume. By establishing the significance of blues theology to the book, this study shows how Fine Clothes to the Jew speaks to and includes the larger African-American community through a holistic theology that encompasses the profane as well as the sacred. Such a theology also signifies on and overturns a sycophantic version of double consciousness by elevating the “low-down” people of the black community. In that elevation, Hughes refuses the role of the poet as an isolated artist but writes from a communitarian aesthetic. While the blues poetry of Hughes has received considerable attention, the connection of those blues to African-American theology has been neglected and adds a new perspective to the understanding of Hughes’s poetry. That connection also suggests a parallel with Korean minjung theology and literature as an amalgamation of originary belief systems and Christianity.

참고문헌 (36)

  1. 김미혜, "『만인보』의 시적 서사와 민중성 연구", 국어교육연구, (22), pp.229~260 (2008), 국어교육연구소
  2. 한지희, "랭스턴 휴즈의 민중시학과 블루스 시", 현대영미시연구, 13(1), pp.149~171 (2007), 한국현대영미시학회
  3. 독고현, "블루스 시와 현대시조의 형식미 연구", 세계문학비교연구, (34), pp.31~54 (2011), 세계문학비교학회
  4. Baker, Houston, "Blues, Ideology, and African-American Literature: A Vernacular Theory" (1987), U of Chicago P
  5. Chinitz, David, "Literacy and Authenticity: The Blues Poems of Langston Hughes", Callaloo, 19(1), pp.177~192 (1996)
  6. Chinitz, David, "Rejuvenation through Joy: Langston Hughes, Primitivism, and Jazz", American Literary History, 9(1), pp.60~78 (1997)
  7. Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia, "Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects of History" (1983), Orbis Books
  8. Cone, James, "Preface", Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia, pp.9~19
  9. Cone, James, "The Spirituals and the Blues: An Interpretation" (1991), Orbis Books
  10. Culp, Mary Beth, "Religion in the Poetry of Langston Hughes", Phylon, 48(3), pp.240~245 (1987)
  11. Dace, Tish, "Langston Hughes: The Contemporary Reviews" (1997), Cambridge UP
  12. Du Bois, W. E. B, "The Souls of Black Folk" (1990), Library of America
  13. Evans, Orrin C, "Modern Muse Presents New Book of Poems", pp.92~93 (1927), Tish Dace
  14. "FIRE! A Quarterly Devoted to the Younger Negro Artists. 1.1" (1926)
  15. Henzy, Karl, "Langston Hughes’s Poetry and the Metaphysics of Simplicity", Callaloo, 34(3), pp.915~927 (2011)
  16. Hughes, Langston, "The Big Sea" (1940), Knopf
  17. Hughes, Langston, "The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes" (1994), Random House
  18. Hughes, Langston, "Fine Clothes to the Jew" (1927), Knopf
  19. Hughes, Langston, "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain, In The Collected Works of Langston Hughes: Essays on Art, Race, Politics, and World Affairs. Vol. 9", pp.31~36 (2002), U of Missouri P
  20. Hurston, Zora Neale, "Mules and Men" (1978), Indiana UP
  21. Hyun, Young-hak, "A Theological Look at Mask Dance in Korea", Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia, pp.47~54
  22. Kelley, William M, "Langston Hughes: The Sewer Dweller", pp.91~92 (1927), Tish Dace
  23. Neal, Larry, "The Ethos of the Blues", The Black Scholar, 3(10), pp.42~48 (1972)
  24. Oliver, Paul, "Conversation with the Blues" (1965), Horizon P
  25. Patterson, Samuel W, "The Poet of Christmas Eve: A Life of Clement Clarke Moore, 1779-1863" (1956), Morehouse-Gorman
  26. Rampersad, Arnold, "Langston Hughes’s Fine Clothes to the Jew", Callaloo, 9(1), pp.144~158 (1986)
  27. Rampersad, Arnold, "The Life of Langston Hughes. Vol. 1. 2nd ed" (2002), Oxford UP
  28. Rogers, J. A, "Langston Hughes’ Book of Poems ‘trash’: Noted Race Critic Attacks Pandering to White Man’s Twisted Notion of What Race Authors Would Write", pp.97~98 (1927), Tish Dace
  29. Spencer, Jon Michael, "Blues and Evil" (1993), U of Tennessee P
  30. Suh, Kwang-sun David, "A Biographical Sketch of an Asian Theological Consultation", Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia, pp.15~37
  31. Suh, Nam-dong, "Historical References for a Theology of Minjung", Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia, pp.155~182
  32. Tracy, Steven C, "Langston Hughes and Afro-American Vernacular Music, In A Historical Guide to Langston Hughes", pp.85~118 (2004), Oxford UP
  33. Tracy, Steven C, "Langston Hughes and the Blues" (2001), U of Illinois P
  34. Wordsworth, William, "The Major Works: Including The Prelude" (2008), Oxford UP

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