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Contemporary Imagery of the Hawk in Hopkins’s “The Windhover”

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초록

This essay aims to explore the imagery of the hawk in Hopkins’s “The Windhover,”-comparing it with the bird imagery in the poems of Newman and Kingsley, who are both well-known poets and religious figures of the Victorian era.. Firstly the imagery of birds described in Newman’s three poems “TO F. W. N.- A Birthday Offering”, “Solitude” and The Dream of Gerontius are analyzed with regard to the features they have in common with Hopkins’s. Secondly, Kingsley’s three poems, “The Knight’s Leap at Altenahr”, The Saint’s Tragedy and “The day of the Lord” have been elucidated in order to illuminate its similarities with Hopkins’s. As the result, Newman’s and Kingsley’s bird imagery in their religious poems seem to have had considerable effects on the imagery of the hawk in Hopkin’s “The Windhover.”

Abstract

This essay aims to explore the imagery of the hawk in Hopkins’s “The Windhover,”-comparing it with the bird imagery in the poems of Newman and Kingsley, who are both well-known poets and religious figures of the Victorian era.. Firstly the imagery of birds described in Newman’s three poems “TO F. W. N.- A Birthday Offering”, “Solitude” and The Dream of Gerontius are analyzed with regard to the features they have in common with Hopkins’s. Secondly, Kingsley’s three poems, “The Knight’s Leap at Altenahr”, The Saint’s Tragedy and “The day of the Lord” have been elucidated in order to illuminate its similarities with Hopkins’s. As the result, Newman’s and Kingsley’s bird imagery in their religious poems seem to have had considerable effects on the imagery of the hawk in Hopkin’s “The Windhover.”

참고문헌 (30)

  1. Ayers, Robert W., "Hopkins’ the Windhover: a Further Simplification", Modern Language Notes, 71(8), pp.577~584 (1956)
  2. Bergonzi, Bernard, "Gerard Manley Hopkins" (1978), The Macmillan Press Ltd
  3. Brown, Daniel, "Hopkins’ Idealism: Philosophy, Physics, Poetry" (1997), Cleaendon Press
  4. Harrison, Thomas P., "The Birds of Gerard Manley Hopkins", Study in Philology, 54(3), pp.448~463 (1957)
  5. Hollis, Hillda, "Another Bird? Counterpoint on “Windover”", Victorian Poetry, 40(4), pp.433~444 (2002)
  6. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Correspondence of Gerard Manley Hopkins and Richard Watson Dixon" (1956), Oxford University Press
  7. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Journals and Papers of Gerard Manley Hopkins" (1959), Oxford University Press
  8. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Letters of Gerard Manley Hopkins to Robert Bridges" (1955), Oxford University Press
  9. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, "The Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins" (1984), Oxford University Press
  10. Gardner. White. H., "Poems and Prose of Gerard Manley Hopkins", pp.13~36 (1985), Penguin Books
  11. Gleason, John B., "The Sexual Underthought in Hopkins’ “The Windhover”", Victorian Poetry, 27(2), pp.201~209 (1989)
  12. Gwynn, Frederic L., "Hopkins’ “The Windhover: a New Simplification”", Modern Language Notes, 66(6), pp.366~370 (1951)
  13. Humphry House, "The Journals and Papers of Gerard Manley Hopkins", pp.291~451 (1959), Oxford University Press
  14. Kingsley, Charles, "Poems of Charles Kingsley" (1913), Oxford University Press
  15. Kingsley, Charles, "Apologia pro Vita Sua", pp.375~410 (1994), Penguin Books
  16. Mariani, Paul, "Gerad manley Hopkins. A Life" (2008), Viking
  17. Mackenzie, Norman H., "A Reader’s Guide to Gerard Manley Hopkins" (2007), Saint Joseph’s University Press
  18. Mackenzie, Norman H., "The Poetical Works of Gerard Manley Hopkins", pp.213~513 (1990), Oxford University Press
  19. Muller, Jill, "Gerard Manley Hopkins and Victorian Catholicism", pp.2000
  20. Newman, John Henry, "Verses on Various Occasions" (2016), Leopold Classic Library
  21. Newman, John Henry, "Apologia pro Vita Sua" (1994), Penguin Books
  22. Nixon, Jude V., "Death Blots Black out Thermodynamics and the Poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins", Victorian Poetry, 40(2), pp.131~156 (2002)
  23. Nixon, Jude V., "Gerard Manley Hopkins and His Contemporaries. Liddon, Newman, Darwin, and Pater" (1994), Garland Publishing, Inc
  24. Pick, John, "Gerard Manley Hopkins. Priest and Poet" (1966), Oxford University Press
  25. Plotkin, H Cary, "The Tenth Muse: Victorian Philoligy and the Genesis of the Poetic Language of Gerard Manly Hopkins" (1989), Southern Illinois University Press
  26. Ruggles, Eleanor, "Gerard Manley Hopkins: a Life" (1947), John Lane the Bodley Head
  27. Sulloway, Alison G., "Gerard Manley Hopkins and the Victorian Temper" (1972), Columbia University Press
  28. Thomas, Alfred, "G. M. Hopkins’ “The Windhover”: Sources, “Underthought”, and Significance", Modern Language Review, 70(3), pp.497~507 (1975)
  29. Vendler, Helen, "Catching Fire: “The Windhover”", Victorian Poetry, 56(2), pp.111~128 (2018)
  30. Weatherby, H. L., "The Encircling Gloom: Newman’s Departure from the Caroline Tradition", Victorian Studies, 12(1), pp.57~82 (1968)

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