국제 환경 문제와 비국가 행위주체의 위상 - NGOs를 중심으로
Environmental Issues and the International Status of NGOs
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초록
국가가 국제환경정치에서 압도적 우월성을 상실했다면, NGOs가 가장 유력한 대안이 될 수 있는가 ? 아니면 국제환경정치는 여전히 국가 중심적 국가체제의 영향 아래 작동되는가 ? 환경 NGOs는 정부나 시장에 의해 욕구가 충분히 충족되지 않는 공간에서, 대중의 욕구를 충족시켜 줌으로써 국제환경정치에서 독자적 지위를 확보했다. 환경 NGOs의 독자적 영향력과 지위는 이처럼 다른 행위주체들이 메울 수 없는 틈을 메우는 역할에서 나온다. 역으로 다른 행위주체들이 적극적으로나 효율적으로 활동하는 분야에서 그것을 확보할 수 없다는 것은, 환경 NGOs의 독자성의 한계를 폭로한다. 환경 NGOs는 국가의 활동 제한, 국제기구의 접근 제한, 외부로부터의 자원 지원에서 비롯되는 종속성의 문제와 책임성ㆍ대표성ㆍ투명성의 부족에서 기인하는 정당성의 한계 때문에도 상대적 위상에 제약을 받고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyse key roles and positions of NGOs in international environmental politics. The rapid growth in the size and number of environmental NGOs is widely recognized. They act as an independent actor to link environmental conditions to the politics at both the local and global levels. NGOs can effectively deal with environmental issues unresolved by traditional politics. They also insist that decision makers must seek new forms of environmental governance. NGOs plays a significant role where state’s action stops.
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