국내 고능력우 Holsteins 농가의 TMR 영양성분 및 대사성 질병 분석
Analysis of total mixed ration (TMR) nutrition and metabolic diseases in Korean dairy farm
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A variety of livestock feed resources were used in Korean dairy farm due to a lack of the endemic feed. However, there is inadequate real farm data to support farmers’ decisions on the choice of options. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of total mixed ration (TMR) as well as the metabolic diseases status in Korean dairy farms. TMR samples were collected from nine feed companies and eight selected self-formulated by the dairy farms. The nutrient contents were exam-ined by AOAC methods. The frequency of metabolic diseases such as ketosis and hypocalcemia were surveyed. The average moisture content was 36.2% although the min. and max. value were varied from 21.7% and 50.6% among farms. The mean±standard deviation of crude fiber (CF), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), and crude protein (CP) were 21.4±2.5, 4.6±0.4, 3.2±0.5 and 9.8±1.7, respectively. However, the average ADF and NDF was 17.3±3.7 and 31.0±5.7, respectively. The compositions of TMR were varied significantly among the dairy farms. The frequency of clinical Ketosis (CK), sub-clinical ketosis (SCK) and hypocalcemia were higher in early lactation period with 4.5%, 11.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Also, the frequency of SCK was higher than CK and hypocalcemia throughout the lactation. Periodic TMR nutrient analysis based on herd production or physiology change would max-imize the effects of TMR feeding. Furthermore, the study results would be useful to the farm practi-tioner and producer for their farm management.
Abstract
A variety of livestock feed resources were used in Korean dairy farm due to a lack of the endemic feed. However, there is inadequate real farm data to support farmers’ decisions on the choice of options. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of total mixed ration (TMR) as well as the metabolic diseases status in Korean dairy farms. TMR samples were collected from nine feed companies and eight selected self-formulated by the dairy farms. The nutrient contents were exam-ined by AOAC methods. The frequency of metabolic diseases such as ketosis and hypocalcemia were surveyed. The average moisture content was 36.2% although the min. and max. value were varied from 21.7% and 50.6% among farms. The mean±standard deviation of crude fiber (CF), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), and crude protein (CP) were 21.4±2.5, 4.6±0.4, 3.2±0.5 and 9.8±1.7, respectively. However, the average ADF and NDF was 17.3±3.7 and 31.0±5.7, respectively. The compositions of TMR were varied significantly among the dairy farms. The frequency of clinical Ketosis (CK), sub-clinical ketosis (SCK) and hypocalcemia were higher in early lactation period with 4.5%, 11.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Also, the frequency of SCK was higher than CK and hypocalcemia throughout the lactation. Periodic TMR nutrient analysis based on herd production or physiology change would max-imize the effects of TMR feeding. Furthermore, the study results would be useful to the farm practi-tioner and producer for their farm management.
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