토픽모델링을 활용한 한·중 과학기술계획의 정책의제 동학 분석
Tracing Dynamic Shifts in Science and Technology Policy Agendas: A Topic Modeling Comparison of South Korea and China
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(Purpose) This study compares dynamic shifts in science and technology (S&T) policy agendas in South Korea and China, two countries with contrasting governance systems. It utilizes a translation-free Multilingual BERTopic approach to enable a more accurate comparison of multilingual policy discourse and overcome the inherent limitations of cross-national topic modeling. (Design/methodology/approach) The corpus comprises national S&T plans (Korea: 2nd–5th Basic Plans; China: 11th–14th Five-Year Plans including the mid- to long-term S&T plan). Multilingual BERTopic was applied for translation-free topic modeling, and a Topics-over-Time (ToT) approach was subsequently used to trace changes in topic salience over the analysis period. (Findings) Five core policy topics are identified. South Korea exhibits a sharp, reactive shift in focus after 2022, driven by the rapid prominence of Topic 4 (national security and supply chains), indicating a trajectory centered on risk management. China, in contrast, maintains a relatively stable yet assertive pattern in which strategic intent remains consistently embedded in Topic 0 (general R&D and S&T capacity), reflecting a long-term focus on systematic technological self-reliance. (Research implications/Originality) The findings reveal a structural difference between Korea's increasing fragmentation and reactivity in policy agendas and China's systematic, technology self-reliance-oriented integration. Methodologically, this study is the first to directly compare these S&T plans using a multilingual embedding approach, providing a robust analytical framework for comparative policy discourse analysis in multilingual contexts.
Abstract
(Purpose) This study compares dynamic shifts in science and technology (S&T) policy agendas in South Korea and China, two countries with contrasting governance systems. It utilizes a translation-free Multilingual BERTopic approach to enable a more accurate comparison of multilingual policy discourse and overcome the inherent limitations of cross-national topic modeling. (Design/methodology/approach) The corpus comprises national S&T plans (Korea: 2nd–5th Basic Plans; China: 11th–14th Five-Year Plans including the mid- to long-term S&T plan). Multilingual BERTopic was applied for translation-free topic modeling, and a Topics-over-Time (ToT) approach was subsequently used to trace changes in topic salience over the analysis period. (Findings) Five core policy topics are identified. South Korea exhibits a sharp, reactive shift in focus after 2022, driven by the rapid prominence of Topic 4 (national security and supply chains), indicating a trajectory centered on risk management. China, in contrast, maintains a relatively stable yet assertive pattern in which strategic intent remains consistently embedded in Topic 0 (general R&D and S&T capacity), reflecting a long-term focus on systematic technological self-reliance. (Research implications/Originality) The findings reveal a structural difference between Korea's increasing fragmentation and reactivity in policy agendas and China's systematic, technology self-reliance-oriented integration. Methodologically, this study is the first to directly compare these S&T plans using a multilingual embedding approach, providing a robust analytical framework for comparative policy discourse analysis in multilingual contexts.