Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins involved in reprogramming of lipid droplet formation after rotavirus infection
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Species A rotaviruses (RVAs) replicate and assemble their immature particles within electron dense compartments known as viroplasms, where lipid droplets (LDs) interact with the viroplasm and facilitate viral replication. Despite the importance of LD formation in the life cycle of RVAs, the up-stream molecules modulating LD formation remain unclear. This study aimed to find out the role of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) in reprogramming of LD formation after RVA infection. Here, we demonstrate that RVA infection reprograms the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs)-dependent lipogenic pathways in virus-infected cells, and that both SREBP-1 and -2 transactivated genes, which are involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis, are essential for LD formation. Our results showed that pharmacological inhibition of SREBPs using AM580 and betulin and inhibition of their downstream cholesterol biosynthesis (simvastatin for HMG-CoA re-ductase) and fatty acid enzymes (TOFA) negatively modulated the intracellular triacylglycerides and cholesterol levels and their resulting LD and viroplasm formations. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of SREBPs significantly reduced RVA protein synthesis, genome replication and progeny production. This study identified SREBPs-mediated lipogenic reprogramming in RVA-infected host cells, which facilitates virus replication through LD formation and its interaction with viroplasms, suggesting that SREBPs can be a potential target for the development of efficient and affordable therapeutics against RVA infection.
Abstract
Species A rotaviruses (RVAs) replicate and assemble their immature particles within electron dense compartments known as viroplasms, where lipid droplets (LDs) interact with the viroplasm and facilitate viral replication. Despite the importance of LD formation in the life cycle of RVAs, the up-stream molecules modulating LD formation remain unclear. This study aimed to find out the role of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) in reprogramming of LD formation after RVA infection. Here, we demonstrate that RVA infection reprograms the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs)-dependent lipogenic pathways in virus-infected cells, and that both SREBP-1 and -2 transactivated genes, which are involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis, are essential for LD formation. Our results showed that pharmacological inhibition of SREBPs using AM580 and betulin and inhibition of their downstream cholesterol biosynthesis (simvastatin for HMG-CoA re-ductase) and fatty acid enzymes (TOFA) negatively modulated the intracellular triacylglycerides and cholesterol levels and their resulting LD and viroplasm formations. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of SREBPs significantly reduced RVA protein synthesis, genome replication and progeny production. This study identified SREBPs-mediated lipogenic reprogramming in RVA-infected host cells, which facilitates virus replication through LD formation and its interaction with viroplasms, suggesting that SREBPs can be a potential target for the development of efficient and affordable therapeutics against RVA infection.
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