Pathologic studies for necrotizing lymphadenitis associated with porcine circovirus type 2 in Jeju
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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection causes pathognomonic lesions such as lymphoid depletion and histiocytic replacement of lymphoid follicles in lymphoid organs. Necrotizing lymphadenitis may also be observed in pigs naturally infected with PCV2. From 2003 to 2010, necrotizing lymphadenitis was observed in 20 pigs (6.4%) infected with porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) in Jeju. The most prominent histopathologic lesions were mild to severe coagulative necrosis. Intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies were also found in histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells. There was marked vascular damage characterized by hemorrhage and intravascular thrombosis. Immunohistochemical results revealed that histopathological lesions were more severe in PCVAD pigs with necrotizing lymphadenitis. The expression of PCV2 antigens was stronger in PCVAD pigs with necrotizing lymphadenitis. The results of this study suggest that lymphoid necrosis in these pigs may be closely related to vascular damage with thrombosis caused by heavy PCV2 antigen burden. Therefore, necrotizing lymphadenitis should be considered as one of the specific lesion types of PCVAD in pigs with severe PCV2 infection.
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection causes pathognomonic lesions such as lymphoid depletion and histiocytic replacement of lymphoid follicles in lymphoid organs. Necrotizing lymphadenitis may also be observed in pigs naturally infected with PCV2. From 2003 to 2010, necrotizing lymphadenitis was observed in 20 pigs (6.4%) infected with porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) in Jeju. The most prominent histopathologic lesions were mild to severe coagulative necrosis. Intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies were also found in histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells. There was marked vascular damage characterized by hemorrhage and intravascular thrombosis. Immunohistochemical results revealed that histopathological lesions were more severe in PCVAD pigs with necrotizing lymphadenitis. The expression of PCV2 antigens was stronger in PCVAD pigs with necrotizing lymphadenitis. The results of this study suggest that lymphoid necrosis in these pigs may be closely related to vascular damage with thrombosis caused by heavy PCV2 antigen burden. Therefore, necrotizing lymphadenitis should be considered as one of the specific lesion types of PCVAD in pigs with severe PCV2 infection.