자이나교의 요가 사다나
A Yoga Sādhana of Jainism
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
자이나교에서의 요가 개념은 다른 인도 철학파의 용법과 달리 매우 다양하다. 특히 요가라는 말이 카르마 이론과 관련되어 보다 먼저, 널리 사용되었기 때문에 수행론상의 용례가 두루 쓰이지 않게 되었다고 본다.그리고 자이나교에서 요가라는 말은 사다나의 일부를 이루고 있다고 보아야 하며, 고행과 명상이라는 두 부류의 수행 방법으로서 구체화되어 있다는 점을 2종의 요가 사다나라는 체계를 통해서 고찰하고 있다.특히, 3보 중 정행을 이루는 요가 사다나가 고행과 명상이라는 해명을 통해서, 그 중 일부인 고행에만 너무 치중하여 자이나교의 사다나를 바라보는 편향된 관점에는 보다 균형적인 시각이 필요하다는 논지를 전개하고 있다.또한 자이나 명상 요가의 체계를 카욧사르가의 3종 자세와 2단계를 중심으로 하여 도표로 정리한 뒤 설명을 덧붙이고 있다.
Abstract
The concept of yoga represents the core of Indian spiritual sādhana. Generally the technical meaning of yoga is a concentration, and yoga is the process of mental discipline that is common to all Hindu sects. And most of all the Hindu systems including the Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Sāṃkhya, Yoga and Vedānta Darśana accept the utility and relevance of yoga in their respective systems. In Jaina philosophy, the term of yoga has many-sided meaning. In this paper, the writer studies the various instance and meaning of yoga in Jaina literature. The writer says that there are fundamental differences with the Hindu yoga. And she points out that the word of yoga is mainly used in the sense of activities of kāya, manas, and vacana in Jaina philosophy. In a general way, it is said that Jaina tradition predominantly lays stress upon austerities, tapas. For all that, the writer comments that the samyak cāritra, right conduct of tri-ratna is the exact equivalent of the general term ‘yoga sādhana’, and Jaina yogic sādhana consists of dravya sādhana and bhāva sādhana. Dravya sādhana, the external sādhana equals to tapas and bhāva sādhana, the internal sādhana means to meditation. And the writer points out that Jainism lays stress upon meditation more than tapas. In Jaina meditaion, especially the kāyotsarga is not merely a yogic posture, it is a state of mind of one which pursuing the spiritual goal. It is the most important item in Jaina yoga. By practicing the meditation, the sādhaka can purify his soul from karmic pudgala. And it leads one to mokṣa. The Jaina yogic sādhana is neither difficult nor arduous. It is very easy to learn, easy to practice, easy to accept, easy to master skillful.
참고문헌 (25)
- "A Concise Dictionary Of Indian Philosophy, 1st ed" (1996), New York : State University of New York Press
- "Glossary of Jaina Terms" (1995)
- "Dictionary of Jaina Terms-Prakrit to English", Hindi, 1st ed, 2000, ~[DOI]
- "고대 인도 불교와 자이나교 교섭에 관한 연구 원광대학교 대학원 불교학과 박사학위 논문" (1992), 원광대학교 대학원
- "思想の自由とジャイナ敎" (1991)
- "Jain Philosophy Historical Outline" (1999), New Delhi : Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd
- "Jain, Mahesh, 1st ed", Vol. 2 (2004), New Delhi : Shree Publishers & Distributors
- "A Stroll in Jainism : Up?dhy?ya Amar Muni Commemoration Volume, 1st ed" (2002), New Delhi : Kaveri Books
- "FFemale Ascetics In Hinduism, 1st ed" (2004), Albany : State University of New York Press
- Dhanda, R. C, "The Harappan Origin of Hinduism, 1st ed" (2001), Hyderabad : Booklinks Corporation
- Jain, B. L, "Yogic Cure To Avoid Heart Surgery, 1st rev. ed" (2001), New Delhi : Health Harmony
- Jain, Dharam Chand, "Jaina Tradition in Indian Thought, 1st ed" (2002), Delhi : Sharada Publishing House
- Lalwani, K. C, "Bhagavat? S?tra, 1st ed", Vol. 1 (1999), rep., Calcutta : Shri Bibhas Datta
- Lishk, S. S, "Jaina Astronomy. 2nd ed" (2000), Delhi : Arihant International
- Mishra, J. P. N, "Preksha Yoga Management For Common Ailments, 1st ed" (2004), rep., New Delhi : B. Jain Publishers PVT. LTD
- Pruthi, Raj Kumar, "Jainism and Indian Civilization, 1st ed" (2004), New Delhi : Discovery Publishing House
- Quarnström, Olle, "The Yogasastra of Hemacandra : A Twelfth Century Handbook on ?vet?mbara Jainism, 1st ed" (2002), Harvard University : The Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies
- Rampuria, S. C, "Lord Mahavira, 1st ed", Vol. 1 (2001), Ladnun : Jain Vishva Bharati Institute
- Sekhar, S. J. Vincent, "Dharma In Early Brahmanic, Buddhist And Jain Traditions, 1st ed" (2003), Delhi : Sri Satguru Publications
- Shah, Natubhai, "Jainism : The World of Conquerors, 1st ed" (2004), rep., Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass Publichers
- Shastri, Suvrat Muni, "Jaina Yoga in the Light of the Yogabindu, 1st ed" (1996), Delhi : Nirmal Publications
- Singh, Nagendra Kr, "Encyclopaedia of Jainism, 1st ed" (2001), New Delhi : Anmol Publications PVT. LTD
- Maruti Nandan Prasad, "Elements of Jaina Iconography" (1983)
- Williams, R, "Jaina Yoga : A Survey of the Medieval ?r?vak?c?ras, 1st ed" (1998), rep., Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass
- Yamazaki, "A P?da Index and Reverse P?da Index to Early Jain Canons" (1995), Kosei Publishing Co