철학용어의 의미 만들기 : 인도의 니룩따(nirukta)전통과 냐야바샤(Nyāyabhāṣya)에서 설명된 ‘jāti’의 경우
Make Meaning for Philosophical Terms: The Case of ‘jāti’ Explained in the Nyāyabhāṣya
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베다시기의 텍스트에도 이미 나타나는 민간어원론에 가까운 인도의 전통 학문분야인 니룩따는 일반적으로 여섯 가지 베다의 부속학문(vedāṅga)에도 포함된다. 하지만 인도의 지성사적 전통들 중에서 니룩따에 대한 체계적인 연구는 지극히 미흡한 것이 현실이다. 본 논문에서 필자는 바차야나가냐야바샤』에서 ‘jāti’라는 전문용어에 대해 제공하는 설명이 니룩따의 틀에 따른 것임을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 통해 이 설명의 정당성이 아니라 이 설명이 보여주는 니룩따로서의 탁월성이 바차야나의 설명이 갖는 설득력의 근거임을 밝히고자 한다. 또한 이를 통해 철학텍스트의 이해에 있어서 니룩따 전통의 중요성을 환기시키고자 한다.
Abstract
The explanation on the term ‘jāti’ given in the Nyāyabhāṣya, namely “prayukte hetau yaḥ prasaṅgo jāyate sā jātiḥ.” (It is the sophisticated riposte, namely [unintended] consequence which arises, if the reason is put forward [by opponent].) is obviously an artificial one. All the later explanations, however, including the ones given in modern scholary works, impose a semantical connection between the term ‘jāti’ and the verbal root √jan taking this sentence as their starting point. Consequently this particular sentence has become the locus classicus for the explanation of the term jāti. It is obvious that we have a case of nirukti in this passage. Considering this case, the question is not the adequateness of this explanation, but the reason for the general acceptance of this etymologizing explanation. It will be attempted to demonstrate that the explanatory strategies applied by Vātsyāyana follow the principles known in the nirukta tradition. After a short sketch of the characteristics of nirukta, one of the six traditional subsidiary sciences for veda (vedāṅga), it will be argued that the plausibility of the explanation given in the Nyāyabhāṣya could be properly understood through the analysis using the explanatory principles of nirukta. Furthermore, this case would be an interesting example for the fact that if a (folk) etymological explanation is generally accepted, such an explanation not only makes the term intelligible, but also regulates further usages of the explained term.
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