최근의 불교학 연구동향으로 본 인도 필사본 연구의 중요성
The Increasing Importance of Indic Manuscripts in the field of Buddhist Studies
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최근 20～30년간 인도불교 사본의 연구는 그 어느 때보다 활발히 이루어지고 있으며 불교학 전반에 큰 영향을 끼치고 있다. 이는 주로 파키스탄-아프카니스탄 접경지역에서 발견된 간다리어(Gāndhārī) 사본의 발견과 티벳자치구에 보관된 티벳 사본이 수면위로 떠오름에 기인한다. 그렇지만 한국불교학이라는 토양에는 아직까지 이 사본연구라는 씨앗이 충분히 뿌려지지 않고 있다. 본 논문은 최근 인도불교 사본에 대한 연구동향을 소개함과 동시에 한국에서 이러한 사본연구의 중요성을 피력하고 고무하고자 하는 의도에서 작성하였다. 본론의 요지는 다음과 같다. 편집본을 읽는다는 것은 편집자의 시각으로 편집자가 이해한 문헌을 읽는다’는 점과 인도사본연구가 최근 불교학의 지도를 빠르게 변화시키고 있다는 사실을 직시할 필요가 있다. 인도사본은 네팔･중앙아시아･길기트･티벳･간다리사본과 바미얀 브라흐미사본의 5범주로 나누어서 사본연구의 간략한 역사와 최근 연구동향을 소개하였다. 비록 분량상의 이유로 자세한 설명은 생략했지만, 각주에 관련 문헌들과 웹사이트 등의 가능한 한 많은 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 한국불교학의 토양에 어떻게 사본연구의 씨앗을 뿌려야만 하는가에 관한 필자의 견해를 밝혔다. 가장 중요한 것은 누구나 어렵다고 생각하는 사본의 확보보다 시스템을 정착하여 사본을 연구할 수 있는 후속세대를 지속적으로 배출하는 일이다. 이러한 과정은 한국에 시스템의 결여로 인해 산스끄리뜨 문헌 연구가 60년이 지나서 정착하게 된 뼈아픈 과거를 교훈으로 삼아야만 할 것이다.
Abstract
During the last two decades the studies of Indic manuscripts has been more active than ever before and has had a significant impact on the overall Buddhism. This is mainly because of the finds of the Gāndhārī manuscripts in the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and the rediscovery of the Sanskrit manuscripts in Tibet, now preserved in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, which needed longstanding efforts to gain access to. In the land of Buddhism in Korea, however, the seeds of the research on the Indic manuscripts are not being fully sown yet. This paper which introduces the state of art in the studies of Indic manuscripts was written with the intent to express the importance of the studies to the Korean scholars and, if possible, to intrigue them to study, rather at least consult the manuscripts for their research. A summary of my arguments is as follows: 1. What we read or consult an edition is reading and understanding a text from the perspective of the editor, not the author of the text. 2. There remain a bunch of Indian manuscripts, which had not been edited or consulted by other scholars and are relatively easy to access to. 3. Therefore, the most important thing is to continue to foster the younger generation by establishing the system for the studies of Indic manuscripts, instead of obtaining the newly discovered manuscripts, which is, at least for the time being, too difficult for us. 4. For this establishment, we need to take a lesson from the our poignant experience: even there had been a few but distinguished Buddhist scholars who had studied the Sanskrit abroad, the trend of studying Buddhism on the basis of the Sanskrit, because of the defect in the system of the Buddhist studies, got settled after half a century.
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