간디의 교육철학과 진정한 행복__인성교육과 행복철학의 시사점 도출을 위한 시론__
The Gandhi's Educational Philosophy and True Happiness: In terms of philosophical education methodology
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
간디의 교육철학은 전인적 인간관과 인성계발이라는 측면에서 시대적 재조명이 필요한 인도철학적 체계와 구조적 내용을 담고 있다. 그는 개체가 사회와 조화로운 발전을 이룰 수 있는 균형 잡힌 교육철학을 전개하는데, 진리와 아힘사라는 자신의 주요 철학개념 뿐 아니라 신, 실재, 브라흐만, 아뜨만, 단일성 등 형이상학적 주제를 통해 신의 실현, 진리의 실현, 자아실현, 해탈 등으로 교육의 목적과 실현방법을 제시한다. 또한 간디는 개체와 타자, 공동체의 평등한 행복 개념을 통해 진정한 행복의 의미가 도덕적 봉사에 있음을 천명한다. 그리고 인간의 지고성을 실현하는 교육의 최종적 목적도 인간의 도덕성, 아뜨만의 영성과 분리된 것이 아니라고 보았다. 간디는 진정한 교육은 인간에 대한 참된 이해와 자각에서 시작되며, 여기서 형성된 평등한 행복 추구를 인정하는 관계성의 해석을 진리라고 보았다. 더불어 자신을 제어하면서 자발적인 고통을 부가하는 따빠스인 아힘사의 이타적 도덕성에 대한 실천과 훈련을 교육의 주요한 덕목으로 삼았다. 간디의 교육철학은 개체와 사회의 조화로운 균형을 창조해 가는 작업이면서 동시에 개체의 사회적 책임감을 이해하는 과정을 지향한다. 더불어 교육과 행복의 문제에서 개인적 성취는 있을 수 없으며 모든 존재의 평등한 교육과 진정한 행복의 추구와 완성에 있다고 평가할 수 있다.
Abstract
Gandhi’s educational philosophy contains the Indian philosophical system and structural contents that need to be revisited in terms of human - human relationship development. He develops a balanced educational philosophy for individual, social and harmonious development. His philosophical notions of Truth(Satya) and Ahimsa(love, non-violence) as well as the God-realization and the truth-realization through metaphysical subjects such as God(Īśa), reality(sat), Brahman, Ātman, Self-actualization and liberation. In addition, Gandhi proclaims that the meaning of true happiness lies in moral service through the concept of equal happiness of individuals, others, and communities. And that the ultimate goal of education that realizes human bounty is not separate from human morality and spirituality of Atman. Gandhi saw the interpretation of relativity as a truth to acknowledge the pursuit of equal happiness based on true understanding and awareness of human beings. And the practice and training of Ahimsa's altruistic morality as tapas, which suppresses and control oneself and gives voluntary suffering, is the main virtue of education. And Ahimsa is an altruistic concept of service that can not be realized if she does not identify me with the poor. For him, education is not separate from human morality, the spirituality of Atman, it is the training and training of duties and responsibilities to control oneself and serve society based on true understanding of human beings. Gandhi's educational philosophy is not only a task of creating a harmonious balance between individuals and society, but also a process of understanding the social responsibility of individuals. In addition, there can be no individual achievement in the matter of education and happiness, and it can be evaluated as the pursuit of equality of all beings and the pursuit of happiness and perfection.
참고문헌 (55)
- "Harijan"[URL]
- "Young India"[URL]
- "Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule" (1938)[URL]
- Gandhi, M. K., "My Views on Education, Vol. 20 in Gandhi for 21st Century" (1998), Gandhi Smriti & Darshan Samiti
- Gandhi, M.K., "힌두 스와라지" (2008), 지만지
- Gandhi, M.K, "마을이 세계를 구한다(Village Swaraj)" (2006), 녹색평론사
- Gandhi, M.K, "간디, 나의 교육철학" (2004), 문예출판사
- 류경희, "간디 : 사랑이 있는 곳에 삶이 있다" (2016), 21세기북스
- 제프리 애쉬, "간디 평전" (2004), 실천문학사
- 배리 바크, "녹색평론 103호" (2008), 녹색평론사
- 早島鏡正, "인도사상의 역사" (2003), 민족사
- 이지수, "인도에 대하여" (2003), 통나무
- 에크낫 이스웨런, "비폭력이 가장 위대한 사랑이다" (2005), 꿈꾸는 돌
- Allen, D., "The Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi for the Twenty-First Century" (2008), Lexington Books
- Bharathi, K.S, "The Social Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi" (1991), Concept Publishing Co.
- Bharathi, K.S., "Thoughts of Gandhi and Vinoba: A Comparative Study" (1995), Concept Publishing Co.
- Parekh, Bhikhu, "Gandhi’s Political Philosophy: A Critical Examination" (1989), Macmillan
- Brock, P, "Challenge to Mars: Essays on Pacifism from 1918 to 1945" (1999), University of Toronto Press
- Chitkara, M. G., "Corruption ‘n’ Cure" (1997), APH Publishing
- Damm, A., "Mahatma Gandhi and Character Education in Non-Violence: Its Relevance in Religious Studies Today", Teaching Theology & Religion, 14(1) (2011)
- Dayal, P., "Gandhian Theory of Social Reconstruction" (2006), Atlantic Publishers & Dist
- Dewan, M.L., "Human Values: Task For All" (1998), Concept Publishing Co.
- Gier, N. F., "The Virtue of Nonviolence: From Gautama to Gandhi" (2004), SUNY Press
- Gorana, R.N., "Reorienting Educational Efforts for Sustainable Development: Experiences from South Asia" (2016), Springer
- Haigh, M., "Education for a Sustainable Future: Strategies of the New Hindu Religious Movements", Sustainability, 2(11) (2010)
- Hick, J., "Gandhi’s Significance For Today" (1989), Springer
- Iram, Y., "Educating Toward a Culture of Peace" (2006), IAP
- Klostermaier, K. K., "A Survey of Hinduism" (1994), State University of New York Press
- Kumar, P. V. R., "Gandhian Philosophy of Education: Nai Talim", International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 3(12(4)) (2014)
- Kuriakose, K. K., "Timeless Teachers and Ethical Visions" (2013), IAP
- Limay, V.P, "Eighteen Principal Upanisads" (1958), Vaidika Samsodhana Mandala
- Manna, S., "Values and Ethics in Business and Profession" (2010), PHI Learning
- Mazumder, S., "Politico-Economic Ideas Of Mahatma Gandhi:Their Relevance In The Present Day" (2004), Concept Publishing Company
- Mishra, A.D., "Mahatma Gandhi On Ethics" (2010), Concept Publishing Company
- Misra, R. P., "Rediscovering Gandhi, Vol. 1" (2007), Concept Publishing Company
- Mukherji, G., "Gandhi and Tagore: Politics, Truth and Conscience" (2015), Routledge
- Parel, A. J., "Gandhi’s Philosophy and the Quest for Harmony" (2006), Cambridge University Press
- Patel, M. S., "The Educational Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi" (1958), Navajivan Publishing House
- Patel, N. A., "Renounce and Enjoy: The Pursuit of Happiness Through Gandhi’s Simple Living and High Thinking", Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 13(2) (2014)
- Pillai, N. P., "The Educational Ideas of Mahatma Gandhi", Ph.D., Department of Education, pp.1954
- Puri, B., "The Tagore-Gandhi Debate on Matters of Truth and Untruth" (2014), Springer
- Radhakrishnan, S., "The Bhagavadgita" (1976), George Allen & Unwin
- Rai, A. S., "Gandhian Satyagraha : An Analytical And Critical Approach" (2000), Concept Publishing Co.
- Ramji, M. T., "The Concept of Personality in the Educational Thought of Mahatma Gandhi" (1969), National Council of Educational Research and Training
- Rao, Ch. Subba, "Educational Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi", International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 1(4) (2012)
- Ravi, S. S., "Philosophical And Sociological Bases of Education" (2015), PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd
- Richards, G., "Studies in Religion: A Comparative Approach to Theological and Philosophical Themes" (1995), St. Martin
- Sharma, G. R., "Trends In Contemporary Indian Philosophy Of Education: A Critical Evaluation" (2003), Atlantic Publishers&Dist
- Sharma, K. S., "Mahatma: A Scientist of the Intuitively Obvious" (2014), Partridge Publishing
- Sharma, R. K., "Social Change And Social Control" (1997), Atlantic Publishers & Dist
- Sharma, N., "Makiguchi and Gandhi: Their Education Relevance for the 21st Century" (2008), University Press of America
- Singh, R. P., "Gandhi’s Metaphysical Philosophy of Religion and Morality", Global Religious Vision, 4(II-IV) (2004)
- Tähtinen, T., "The Core of Gandhi’s Philosophy" (1979), Abhinav Publications
- Vajpeyi, A., "Righteous Republic" (2012), Harvard University Press
- Vettickal, T., "Sarvodya of Mahatma Gandhi", Ph.D., Department for the Study of Religion, pp.1998